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BGT

HS

hiba shafqat

Transcript

Types Of Dams and their Management in Pakistan

GROUP MEMBERS

INTRODUCTION

  • HIBA SHAFQAT
  • FASIHA BASHIR
  • LAMIAH MUNAF
  • RIMSHA NAUFAL

CONTENTS

  • INTRODUCTION
  • HISTORY
  • PURPOSE
  • PRECAUTIONS
  • DESCRIPTION
  • ADMINISTRATION
  • RESULT / SCORING

HISTORY

  • First developed by child psychiatrist Lauretta Bender.
  • This test is used to evaluate visual-motor maturity.
  • Used to screen for developmental disorders or to assess neurological function or brain damage.
  • Bender first described Visual Motor Gestalt Test in 1938.

INTRODUCTION

  • It measures perceptual motor skills, perceptual motor development, and gives an indication of neurological intactness.
  • It has been used as a personality test and a test of emotional problems.
  • The Bender-2 contains 16 figures versus 9 in the original.
  • The test has been used as a screening device for brain damage.

INTRODUCTION

  • Lack scoring system is used.
  • It is based on 13 errors
  • 9 cards
  • 10 emotional indicators
  • 4 - 85 is age range
  • Horizontal presentation of cards
  • 15 minutes for administration
  • To rule out schizophrenia, depression and anxiety.

INTRODUCTION

Errors Cards

Rotation - All cards

Overlapping- 6,7

Simplification- All cards

Fragmentation- All cards

Retrogression- A, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8

Perseveration- 1, 2, 3, 5

Collision- All

Impotence All

Closure difficulty- A, 4, 7

INTRODUCTION

Errors Cards

Motor incoordination- All Cards

Angulation- 2, 3

Cohesion- All Cards

Time- All Cards

PURPOSE

  • BGT is used to evaluate visual maturity, visual motor integration skills, style of responding, reaction to frustration, ability to correct mistakes, planning and organizational skills and motivation.
  • Coping figures requires fine motor skills, the ability to discriminate between visual stimuli, the capacity to integrate visual skills with motor skills, and the ability to shift attention from the original design to what is being drawn.

PRECAUTIONS

DESCRIPTION

  • Not to be administered on visually impaired individuals
  • Should not be given to someone with severe motor impairment as this would affect their ability to draw
  • BGT should never be used in isolation. When making a diagnosis, result from BGT should be used in conjunction with other medical, developmental, educational, psychological and neuropsychological information

DESCRIPTION

  • Administered individually using a paper and pencil
  • Nine geometric figures drawn in black
  • Examinee is asked to draw them on a blank sheet of paper
  • Erasers are allowed but any mechanical aids e.g. rulers are not allowed
  • Average time is 5 to 10 minutes

DESCRIPTION

  • One method requires that the examinee view each card for five seconds, after which the card is removed. The examinee draws the figure from memory
  • Another variation involves having the examinee draw the figures by following the standard procedure. The examinee is then given a clean sheet of paper and asked to draw as many figures as he or she can recall

ADMINISTRATION

  • The subject is seated at a table
  • Given a blank white piece of paper
  • Sharp pointed pencil with an eraser
  • Table top should be hard surfaced

ADMINISTRATION

  • A sample “A” card is presented along with other eight figures one by one and perceived in order of sequence and position

Instructions:

“I have nine cards here with designs on them for you to copy. Here is the first one. Now go ahead and make one just like it.”

ADMINISTRATION

  • Do I have to count the dots? can say something like that.. “it’s up to you,” or “just as you please.”
  • The top of the page is usually indicated by an arrow.

ADMINISTRATION

  • Non-patients: 5 minutes or less
  • Patients: average about 10 minutes or as long as one-half hour

RESULTS

A scoring system does not have to be used to interpret performance on the Bender Gestalt Test; however, there are several reliable and valid scoring systems available. Many of the available scoring systems focus on specific difficulties experienced by the test taker.

SCORING

  • Overlapping difficulty.
  • Perseveration.
  • Retrogression.
  • Rotation.
  • Simplification.

SCORING

  • Angulation.
  • Time.
  • Closure difficulty.
  • Cohesion.
  • Collision.
  • Motor Incordination.
  • Fragmentation.
  • Impotence.

SCORING

http://cmpvip.uprrp.edu/PDF/The%20Bender-Gestalt%20test%20quantification%20and%20validity%20for%20adults.pdf

REFERENCES

  • http://www.labh.it/wp_sancipriano/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/4-BenderScore.pdf
  • https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/gregemmanuelvillahermosa/gestalt-bender-report
  • http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Bender-Gestalt-Test.html

REFERENCES