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Upward social comparison refers to a comparison to others who are better off (Heike 2010, p497
Potential
comparisons
Wealth
Beauty
Social Status
Capabilities
Source: Yu-Ting Hu, & Qing-Qi Liu. (2020). Passive social network site use and adolescent materialism: Upward social comparison as a mediator. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 48(1), 1–8. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.2224/sbp.8833
Social Comparison Defined
References
source: van de Ven, N. (2017). Envy and admiration: emotion and motivation following upward social comparison. Cognition & Emotion, 31(1), 193–200. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1087972
Yu-Ting Hu, & Qing-Qi Liu. (2020). Passive social network site use and adolescent materialism: Upward social comparison as a mediator. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 48(1), 1–8. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.2224/sbp.8833
Qu-Ting Hu, & Qing-Qi Liu. (2020). Passive social network site use and adolescent materialism: Upward social comparison as a mediator. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 48(1), 1–8. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.2224/sbp.8833
van de Ven, N. (2017). Envy and admiration: emotion and motivation following upward social comparison. Cognition & Emotion, 31(1), 193–200. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1087972
Burleson, K., Leach, C. W., & Harrington, D. M. (2005). Upward social comparison and self-concept: Inspiration and inferiority among art students in an advanced programme. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(1), 109–123. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1348/014466604X2350
Johnson, C., & Stapel, D. (2010). Harnessing Social Comparisons: When and How Upward Comparisons Influence Goal Pursuit. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 234–242. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1080/01973533.2010.495640
Mahler, H., Kulik, J., Gerrard, M., & Gibbons, F. (2010). Effects of upward and downward social comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: a randomized, controlled experiment. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 33(6), 496–507. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1007/s10865-010-9279-3
Social Comparison can be defined as "process of thinking about information about one or more other people in relation to the self" (Gerber 2017, p177)
Source: Johnson, C., & Stapel, D. (2010). Harnessing Social Comparisons: When and How Upward Comparisons Influence Goal Pursuit. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 234–242. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1080/01973533.2010.495640
van de Ven, N. (2017). Envy and admiration: emotion and motivation following upward social comparison. Cognition & Emotion, 31(1), 193–200. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1087972
Burleson, K., Leach, C. W., & Harrington, D. M. (2005). Upward social comparison and self-concept: Inspiration and inferiority among art students in an advanced programme. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(1), 109–123. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1348/014466604X23509
There are two primary types of social comparison: upward and downward (Guyer, Vauger-Johnston 2017, p3)
Source: Gerber, J. P., Wheeler, L., & Suls, J. (2018). A social comparison theory meta-analysis 60+ years on. Psychological Bulletin, 144(2), 177–197. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1037/bul0000127
Guyer, J., & Vaugan-Johnston, T. (2017). (PDF) Upward and downward social comparisons: A brief historical overview. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323243976_Upward_and_downward_social_comparisons_A_brief_historical_overview
Main points
Discussion Question
Describe a time from your experience where you compared yourself to others either downward or upward. Looking back on the situation, is there anything you would have done differently?
Solutions
To mitigate these feelings is to not compare ourselves so much to others, or to manage how we see ourselves
References
https://zenhabits.net/lifes-enough-stop-comparing-yourself-to-others/
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxy16.noblenet.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=15&sid=6a482fc1-d7a6-4b40-a99e-27d5085533b9%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcCxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1iaGMmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZlJnNjb3BlPXNpdGU%3d#db=pdh&AN=2020-82678-001&anchor=c36
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxy16.noblenet.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=4512b05a-b6d4-4152-a692-a2b79f690fd3%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcCxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1iaGMmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZlJnNjb3BlPXNpdGU%3d#AN=2020-60659-001&db=pdh
Mitigating is also to make something less severe, so the goal is to find ways to comapre ourselves in a more equal way.
References:
Kemmelmeier, M., & Oyserman, D. (2001). Gendered Influence of Downward Social Comparisons on Current and Possible Selves. Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 129–148. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00205
Stewart, T., Chipperfield, J., Ruthig, J., & Heckhausen, J. (2013). Downward social comparison and subjective well-being in late life: The moderating role of perceived control. Aging & Mental Health, 17(3), 375–385. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.743963
Yip, J. J., & Kelly, A. E. (2013). Upward and downward social comparisons can decrease prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(3), 591–602. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2013.01039.x
"At a young age, many of us are taught to recognize that no matter how bad our situation is; there are others whose situation is worse." (Stewart, Tara L, Chipperfield, Judith G, Ruthig, Joelle C, Heckhausen, Jutta 2013)
Can occur in older adults suffering from age related regression, and inability to perform tasks in which they were once able.
They will often compare themsleves to "worse-off others" as a way of justifying their circumstances.
Associated with subjective well-being outcomes, percieved life satisfaction, often caused by deep regrets.
Stewart, T., Chipperfield, J., Ruthig, J., & Heckhausen, J. (2013). Downward social comparison and subjective well-being in late life: The moderating role of perceived control. Aging & Mental Health, 17(3), 375–385. https://doi-org.proxy16.noblenet.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.743963