The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Graphic Design
Johannes Gutenberg (1453 A.D.)
The Crystal Palace: great exhibition of 1851 designed by Joseph Paxton
Printing press - typesetting/press operation
European block printing (15th century) Jost Amman
Engraving (15th century) Albrecht Durer
Letterpress technology: a classic typographic page
The Gutenberg Bible, 1450
- 1984- The Crystal Palace Exhibition: hundreds of exhibitors from all industrial nations
- Celebration of the modern industrial revolution and design in the world
- followed by the Exposition Universelle (1900) a.k.a 1900 Paris Exposition
Industrial Revolution
Celestial Globe and Eiffel Tower:
The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel for the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1889. Construction began in 1887
Victorian Illustration (1834) woodcut
: fat-face types
Victorian Illustration (1895) by Charles Dana Gibson, Scribner's cover
Pre-Victorian Era: Agrarian society that relied on animal and human power for energy
Industrial Revolution: began between 1760-1840
Characteristics Industrial Age:
- Scientific Knowledge enabled
- factory system w/machine manufacturing
- division of labour - diminished handcraft
- increases the availability of goods at lower cost
- Political power shifted from the aristocracy (upper class) to the industrialist (capitalist)
- growing urban population
- mass production
- graphics-marketing factory output
- travel
- electricity + gas-fueled engines
Shift from agricultural society to an industrial society powered by the steam engine (key figure: James Watt (1736-1819)
Origin of children book illustration during Victorian era
Train powered by steam engine
Illuminated Manuscripts Lindisfarne Gospels
Beauty & the Beast by Walter Crane
Hey Diddle Diddle by Ralph Caldecott
The Three Jovial Huntsmen by Ralph Caldecott (1880's)
Children's toybook: Beauty & the Beast by Walter Crane
The Pied Piper of Mamelin by Kate Greenaway (1880's)
Victorian Era
Ornaments played an important role in Victorian design
Queen Victoria
reigned from 1837 - 1901
Victorian Graphic Design:
- Ornate elaboration: Victorian typography
- Outlandish an fantasy lettering
- A time of huge technological advances in printing
- Chromolighography
Chromolithography
Chromolighography (1856 ) 5 celebrated Clowns-Joseph Morse
Chromolithographic packages (late 19th century) U.K. and America
Illuminated Manuscripts (1460 A.D.) The Book of Hours
Large colour plate book (1856) The Grammar of Ornament - Owen Jones (England)