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The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Graphic Design

Johannes Gutenberg (1453 A.D.)

The Crystal Palace: great exhibition of 1851 designed by Joseph Paxton

Printing press - typesetting/press operation

European block printing (15th century) Jost Amman

Engraving (15th century) Albrecht Durer

Letterpress technology: a classic typographic page

The Gutenberg Bible, 1450

  • 1984- The Crystal Palace Exhibition: hundreds of exhibitors from all industrial nations
  • Celebration of the modern industrial revolution and design in the world
  • followed by the Exposition Universelle (1900) a.k.a 1900 Paris Exposition

Industrial Revolution

Celestial Globe and Eiffel Tower:

The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel for the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1889. Construction began in 1887

Victorian Illustration (1834) woodcut

: fat-face types

Victorian Illustration (1895) by Charles Dana Gibson, Scribner's cover

Pre-Victorian Era: Agrarian society that relied on animal and human power for energy

Industrial Revolution: began between 1760-1840

Characteristics Industrial Age:

  • Scientific Knowledge enabled
  • factory system w/machine manufacturing
  • division of labour - diminished handcraft
  • increases the availability of goods at lower cost
  • Political power shifted from the aristocracy (upper class) to the industrialist (capitalist)
  • growing urban population
  • mass production
  • graphics-marketing factory output
  • travel
  • electricity + gas-fueled engines

Shift from agricultural society to an industrial society powered by the steam engine (key figure: James Watt (1736-1819)

Origin of children book illustration during Victorian era

Train powered by steam engine

Illuminated Manuscripts Lindisfarne Gospels

Beauty & the Beast by Walter Crane

Hey Diddle Diddle by Ralph Caldecott

The Three Jovial Huntsmen by Ralph Caldecott (1880's)

Children's toybook: Beauty & the Beast by Walter Crane

The Pied Piper of Mamelin by Kate Greenaway (1880's)

Victorian Era

Ornaments played an important role in Victorian design

Queen Victoria

reigned from 1837 - 1901

Victorian Graphic Design:

  • Ornate elaboration: Victorian typography
  • Outlandish an fantasy lettering
  • A time of huge technological advances in printing
  • Chromolighography

Chromolithography

Chromolighography (1856 ) 5 celebrated Clowns-Joseph Morse

Chromolithographic packages (late 19th century) U.K. and America

Illuminated Manuscripts (1460 A.D.) The Book of Hours

Large colour plate book (1856) The Grammar of Ornament - Owen Jones (England)

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