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Civil war cycle 4 Madii, Grace, Sam, Abbi
10
The Civil War
By: Abbi, Sam, Grace, Madii
Session
Secession
pt.2
> During the pre-Civil War in 1860, the US added new territories in the west, and there were active debates about if or not slavery should be banned in the territories
> The same year, California asked to join the Union as a free state
California is the first territory in the Mexico cession to apply for statehood
> Between 1821-1850, six states joined the Union including Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin that joined as free states
> On the other hand, Arkansas, Florida, and Texas became slave states
> Senator John C. Calhoun told the senate to let the states agree to separate and part in peace, which meant that the south would secede from the Union
> During the middle of the event, Congress needed help from Senator Henry Clay
> Clay was truly known as the Great Compromiser because he worked on the Missouri Compromise which was in 1820 about having Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
> Webster for the union - a plea for unity came from senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
> Webster was Henry’s rival for a while, though he had to be firm with the question of defending the Union
> He said that states can’t be separated without civil war, civil war is a war between people of the same state
13th Amendment
13th amendment
In 1864, Congress had passed the thirteenth Amendment, it formally banned slavery around the country.
Many of the South ratified the amendment, and it became part of the constitution in the year of 1865.
Underground Railroad
An Abolitionist is a name peopled called themselves if they were against slavery, the name came from the word Abolition meaning, ending something completely. In this case it was slavery.
Some risked their own life and a prison sentence because they were helping slaves escape from the south.
The underground railroad was a secret network that the abolitionists used. They helped the slaves from the south escape and be free in Canada or the North
Not only, whites were known then as “conductors” and free blacks would go through the underground railroad where the conductors led the slaves to a “station” for them to sleep for the night.
Some stations were the abolitionists' houses, others were churches and even caves.
The almost free slaves hid in wagons that had false bottoms or loads of hay on top of them to hide them in a dangerous situation. The trip was risky and difficult.
One of the most daring conductors, Harriet Tubman, was also an escaped slave herself, risked her life 19 times by going back to the South.
She led over hundreds of slaves to the North, on one of her trips she led her own parents to freedom.
One of the most famous abolitionists was Frederick Douglass, he was a slave but escaped from Maryland.
He became a famous abolitionist speaker in the North.
Underground railroads
Civilians and Women during the war
Civilians and women during the war
Women probably played the most vital role on both sides of the war.
As men started leaving for war, women started taking up more jobs in industries, teaching and farming jobs.
Some women disguised themselves as soldiers and fought in battles, while others worked as spies.
Dorothea Dix was one of the most famous nurses in the North. She became superintendent of nurses for the union army.
She was very strict that she earned the nickname Dragon Dix, but she worked hard day and night with the women she enlisted.
Clara Barton earned her fame after becoming a civil war nurse and the founder of the Red Cross.
Gettysburg Address
- On November 20, 1863 Abraham Lincoln gave a speech at the graves of all the soldiers who died in the Battle of Gettysburg. This speech was called the Gettysburg Address.
- Lincoln stated that this war tested if the nation believed that “all men are created equal could survive”
- He famously stated that “they shall not have died in vain -that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
- Nobody in the audience could hear Lincoln and the newspapers gave him little credit.
- Lincoln was discouraged by the lack of attention his speech was getting and he even called it “a flat failure” but it is now greatly honored and a big piece of history.
The Gettysburg
Address
Battle of Bull Run
- The Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21, 1861 and was the first major battle of the Civil War which was very important and it resulted in a Confederate victory.
Battle of Antietam
- The Battle of Antietam took place on September 17, 1862 in the Southern United States and It was the bloodiest battle in United States military history. The Union ended up winning the battle and the Emancipation Proclamation was then issued five days later.
Major Battles
Battle of Shilho
- The Battle of Shiloh took place April 6, 1862 and it was one of the first early engagements of the Civil War. The battle started when the Confederates launched a surprise attack on the Union. This battle happened in Southwest Tennessee.
Battle of Gettysburg
- The Battle of Gettysburg took place on July 1, 1863 and it is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. This was the bloodiest battle of the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and it is described as the war's turning point. This battle ended the Confederates hopes of advancing further into the Union territory including taking control of Washington D.C.
Battle of Vicksburg
- The battle of Vicksburg happened on July 18, 1863 was the final act of the Vicksburg campaign in the American Civil War. It resulted in a decisive Union victory. It was important because it allowed the Union to take control of the Mississippi river from the Confederacy.
Freedmen's bureau
Freedmen's bureau
- Freedmen's bureau was founded March 3, 1865. It was a bureau that provided essentials to former slaves.
- They sent agents to the South to set up schools and medical facilities.
- They provided medical care for over a million people.
- It was called the Freedmen's bureau because all the freed slaves were provided with this type of care and they were also helped with finding jobs.
- The bureau also helped with poor whites in the South.
- Many people in the south were amazed with the bureaus work and also very grateful for it.
The Confederacy
- The Confederacy was an unrecognized republic in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.
- The Confederacy was initially shaped by seven secessionist slave-holding states; South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.
- Convinced that the establishment of slavery was undermined by the November 1860 election of Republican Abraham Lincoln to the U.S. administration on a stage which restricted the development of servitude into the western regions, the Confederacy announced its withdrawal in resistance to the United States, with the reliable states getting known as the Union during the following American Civil War.
- Before Lincoln got to work in March, another Confederate government was set up in February 1861 which was viewed as unlawful by the legislature of the United States.
- After the American Civil War started in April, four slave states conditions of the Upper South; Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, additionally withdrew and joined the Confederacy.
The Confederacy
Civil War Leadership
For the Union
- Army General for the Union Was Ulysses Grant.
- President Abraham Lincoln was the Commander-in-Chief.
- After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Vice-President Andrew Johnson took over
- The Secretary of War was Edwin Stanton.
For the Confederacy
- Jefferson Davis was the President of the south.
- Alexander Stephans was elected Vice-President.
- The General of Confederate forces was Robert Lee.
Civil War leadership
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
- On the night of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a well known on-screen character and Confederate sympathizer, killed President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C.
- The assault came just five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee gave up his armed force at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, successfully finishing the American Civil War.
- Discovering that Lincoln was to go to Laura Keene's acclaimed presentation of "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on April 14, Booth engineered an arrangement significantly more intense than capturing.
- He and his co-schemers accepted the synchronous death of Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward–the president and two of his potential successors–would toss the U.S. government into chaos.
- The Lincolns showed up after the expected time for the satire, yet the president was purportedly feeling fine and giggled generously during the creation.
- Lincoln involved a private box over the phase with his significant other Mary Todd Lincoln, a youthful armed force official named Henry Rathbone and Rathbone's life partner, Clara Harris, the little girl of New York Senator Ira Harris.
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
> The Democratic Party, the Laborers feared that the freed slaves would go north and take their jobs in lower wages
> in 1862, Lincoln worked very precisely on thinking and writing, and finally wrote the Emancipation Proclamation and ordered to free slaves in states that were in rebellion. 5 states in the union (W.Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri
> Lincoln feared that if he freed all slaves these states would join the Confederates
> Lincoln also hoped that slaves would leave their owners and slow down their work
> The Proclamation declared that: “.....all persons held as slaves within any state or designed any part of a state the people whereof shall then be in rebellion……” - Emancipation Proclamation, 1862.
> During the second week of April 1865, the Union and the Confederate leaders met at a town of Appomattox Courthouse when Lee surrendered to Grant, which ended the Civil War
> In the meeting, Grant assured that his troops would be allowed to keep their horses and get fed later, Lee signed surrender.