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THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION-CAUSES

The Haitian Revolution

was mostly influenced by

social causes emerging from

the social structure of the

colony, which were at the

same time closely related

to political, economic, and religious causes.

AFRICAN SLAVES: SOCIAL

- Slave trade increased

- From 1700-1791: 700,000

- 87% of the population

- No ties of loyalty to France.

- Mistreated.

- Nothing to lose.

- Maroons- leaders.

- French + African or = mulattoes

MULATTOES- SOCIAL

- 1/2 French- wanted equal rights.

- Free, but no power

- Gens de couleur or the Affranchis- wealthy (socio-economic)

-1760s- Affranchis stripped of rights

- The Declaration of Rights of Man of 1789 defended equality (socio-political)

-"Société des Amis des Noires".

WHITE CASTES: SOCIAL-ECONOMIC-POLITICAL

Grands blancs- landowners

- wealthy

- wanted independence to not pay taxes to the mother country

- wanted slavery

Petits blancs- merchants, small landowners

- excluded from colonial political power

-preserve unity with France- depended on trade

FRENCH REVOLUTION: SOCIAL-POLITICAL-ECONOMIC

*French revolution ideals spread and reached Haiti.

- Grands blancs- representation in the Estates General and independence.

- Petits blancs- more political power in the colony and fraternity with France.

- Mulattoes- wanted equality (Declaration of Rights)

- Slaves- the abolition of slavery (Declaration of Rights)

SLAVE REVOLTS & LEADERS:

SOCIAL-POLITICAL

1790- Vincent Ogé (mulatto)

-Touissant L'Ouverture- slave leader, educated

August 1791- slave revolt began in the N

-France: moderates- slavery could continue

- French Revolution discussions

- 1791- camps of revolutionaries

POLITICAL

1793- Execution of King Louis XVI

-Britain, Spain, etc. - war with France

- B & S-ally with Saint- Domingue.

- 6 sided civil war

1791-1794

*4 sided civil war

Economic- mercantilism

Political- The treaty of Ryswick of 1697

VODOU: SOCIO-RELIGIOUS

- Religion- ethnic

- Unification

- Organization

- Rituals- dances and drumming

- Disguise

- Oath

- Religious leaders:

Makandal: poison whites in 1757.

Boukman: revolt of August, 1791.

SOURCES:

"Haitian History- French Colonialism." Haiti. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.kreyol.com/history003.html>.

"Haitian History- The Haitian Revolution." Haiti. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.kreyol.com/history004.html>.

"Social Triggers of the Haitian Revolution." The Haitian Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/individual_essay/david.html>.

"Resistance and the Haitian Revolution." The Haitian Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/individual_essay/jason.html>.

"Overview Essay: Haitian Revolution." The Haitian Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/revolution.html>.

"Obeah: The Ultimate Resistance." Religion and Resistance. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/Religion/religion.html>.

"The Haitian Revolution." History and Current Issues for the Classroom | Choices Program. Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.choices.edu/>.

"Curtin on Revolution in Haiti." N.p., n.d. Web. <http://moodle.acs.edu.lb/file.php/76/Curtin_on_revolution_in_Haiti.pdf>.

By: Carmen Rodríguez

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