Skeletal system is a union of different tissues (bone tissu

THR REGIONS OF THE SPINE

The regions of the spine consist of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral.

THE HUMAN BODY

THORACIC SPINE

CERVICAL SPINE

LUMBAR SPINE

The neck region of the spine is known as the Cervical Spine. This region consists of seven vertebrae, which are abbreviated C1 through C7 (top to bottom). These vertebrae protect the brain stem and the spinal cord, support the skull, and allow for a wide range of head movement.

Beneath the last cervical vertebra are the 12 vertebrae of the Thoracic Spine. These are abbreviated T1 through T12 (top to bottom). T1 is the smallest and T12 is the largest thoracic vertebra. The thoracic vertebrae are larger than the cervical bones and have longer spinous processes.

The Lumbar Spine has 5 vertebrae abbreviated L1 through L5 (largest). The size and shape of each lumbar vertebra is designed to carry most of the body’s weight. Each structural element of a lumbar vertebra is bigger, wider and broader than similar components in the cervical and thoracic regions.

SACRAL SPINE

COCCYX

Immediately below the sacrum are five additional bones, fused together to form the Coccyx (tailbone).

The Sacrum is located behind the pelvis. Five bones, abbreviated S1 through S5, fused into a triangular shape, form the sacrum. The sacrum fits between the two hip bones connecting the spine to the pelvis. The last lumbar vertebra (L5) articulates (moves) with the sacrum.

SKELETAL SISTEM

Skeletal system is a union of different tissues (bone tissue, cartilage tissue, and bone marrow) that, developing, give shape to bones, which all together form the skeleton, the scaffolding of the human body. It provides support, defines the shape of the body and protects the internal organs and soft tissues and makes movement possible. Bones are different in shape depending on the function they perform and they can be divided into long, short and flat bones.

THE MUSCULAR SISTEM

The muscular system is made up by the muscles , organs that are able to move the bones connected by the joints, the skin and the internal organs.There are three main types of muscle.

THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

SMOOTH MUSCLES

STRIATED MUSCLES

Smooth muscles: they are composed of smooth fusiform muscle fibres , they function independently of the will: thus, they are called involuntary muscles. Their movements are ruled by the autonomic nervous system.

Striated or skeletal muscles: they are composed of striated muscle tissue and are in charge of voluntary movement and automatic reflexes. They are controlled by the central nervous system.

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Cardiac muscle: the cardiac or heart muscle is found only in the heart, it is regulated and innervated by the autonomic nervous system, but it is similar to the striated musculature, although acting involuntary.

The fundamental part of the skeleton is the vertebral column 33/34 made up of vertebrae inside which there is the spinal cord. If seen frontally the vertebral column has a straight shape, whereas observed from the side it shows curves. Such curvatures are of fundamental importance for the distribution of the weight of the body.

Antonio Crisci IA