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1969

1971

Email

History

The idea of email was thought of long before the invention of internet or the Arpanet was around. It just wasn’t invented until a later date of 1971.

The shortened name of email only came around in the year of 1993 which was significantly longer than the original release date. It operates by using the internet to send messages between a two or more people. Apparently the first message that was sent by the founder, Tomlinson himself consisted of “QWERTYUIOP”.

Relevance

Email is clearly significant in the development for the internet judging by how much we use the email aspect in day to day life in the 21st century. Email has progressed with so much power over the recent years that now; it has almost become a necessity to more or less everyone who has access to the internet. The massive increase of computers in the late 1970’s/1980’s helped the email aspect grow so quickly and to so many different people in all areas of the world.

Email has more specifically benefited businesses as well as the overall aspect of the internet. Business are affected positively in many different way because of email, for instance the inexpensive feature that emailing services include are a massive hit for companies, especially those that are smaller than the main stream ones as they won’t have the money to splash on expensive technology. More importantly email has influenced the development of the internet as it has persuaded more people to get the internet in order to get email services, as email can be used for the majority of everyday tasks including getting special deals for stores and restaurants etc.

1991

1995

1998

2000

2001

2003

2013

Unit 24 - AO1

Social Networking

Hardware - Wi-Fi

Hardware - Broadband

Before social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter the only thing similar to today’s sites were something along the lines of newsgroups, bulletin boards and forums which back then lead to the development of a site called Friends Reunited. This site was basically what it said it was, it helped people to get in touch with friends which they had grown apart from. Although as the years have progressed this site was found to be mentioned in 4 out of 5 divorce cases, which was caused by people getting back in touch with ex partners. “Internet sites such as Friends Reunited are unwittingly fueling a surge in marital break-up as bored husbands and wives contact old flames, relationship counselors warned yesterday as official figures showed divorce has reached a seven-year high.” (http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/sep/01/johncarvel)

History

It has been only a few years since the terms "social networking" first entered our everyday vocabulary. In that time, social networking has become one of the United States' fastest-growing industries and a part of the everyday lives of not only Americans but more or less the whole world. In fact, social networking, which was originally designed as a method to share interests, photos and other personal information. Instead it has grown into a technological and societal revolution. The history of social media is one of rapid growth, which has only accelerated as social networking sites have become more common and accessible on aspects like mobile smart phones and portable tablets. There have been social networking sites around since 1985 but the one that had the biggest lift off was a social network called Friendster, which was followed by MySpace and LinkedIn a year later, and finally, Bebo. And then not forgetting the biggest social networking site known to many people today as Facebook which was released to the public back in 2006 and since then has grown more than anyone could have expected.

Relevance

The rise in people that have now got computers that have internet for this reason alone has grown massively. Twitter and Facebook and MySpace are the top 3 in the social networking list

Improved relationships between friends and families all over the world as its an easy and cheap way to communicate with one another over long distances. Many people only think of the main social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and MySpace. But there are many more and many more that were released before any of these came along!

It’s hard for the younger ones to remember what the day was like when there wasn’t any social networking sites, now they never off them. The ability to share photos and stories at any minute of the day. Even though social networking sites have their good points they also have a habit of making their way into the media, there have been stories of where people have committed suicide due to bullying via these social networking sites, giving off negative feel to mainly the parents of young people who may be prone to bullying whilst browsing these sites.

Procedural - ARPANET

History

Back in 1991 Wi-Fi was invented by NCR Corporation/AT&T in Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. Initially meant for cashier systems the first wireless products were brought on the market under the name WaveLAN with speeds of 1Mbps/2Mbps. This was very slow and didn’t allow people back then to download or access documents like they can now. Despite being invented in 1991 Wi-Fi first used commercially in August 1999, was introduced by a brand-consulting firm called Interbrand Corporation. The Wi-Fi Alliance had hired Interbrand to determine a name that was a little shorter and snappier than 'IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence'. Belanger also stated that Interbrand invented Wi-Fi as a play on words with Hi-Fi (high fidelity), and also created the Wi-Fi logo.

Relevance

Wi-Fi in handsets provides an alternative way of accessing the internet from your device other than the data connection provided by your phones carrier. The advantages of this are that you avoid paying any data charges if you are on a metered data tariff (i.e. not an 'unlimited data' plan but one where you pay for the amount of data you consume). In this day and age there are many people that have smart phones which have this feature within them giving many of the public access to the internet where ever they may be. Despite it being an advance in technology there are some draw backs that may put some people off, like changing from hotspot to hotspot as your on the move, this means you have to sign into different Wi-Fi connection points as you will travel out of the previous one and into the new one. Therefore it doesn’t give you constant access when you might need it the most.

Having the internet at home is an incredible help to everyone, especially those whom may not be a mobile as the rest of us. People who are ill (for short time periods or permanently) and the old, by having the internet at home it can help them be able to purchase all their daily or weekly requirements with ease and instead of asking family and friends to do errands for them. Although some may not know how to work a computer and the internet, other people friends/family will be able to help them and it still saves them the journey. The internet at home has been a life saver to many people, not having to travel long distances to go to a shop that sells a certain product, instead you can do at the click of a button and order it off line, whether it may be an item(s) of clothing or the weekly grocery shop. Even the bills for water, gas, mortgage can be done on line now and also personal banking account can be monitored online.

Software - Google

History

In 1997, the cable modem was launched, although the broadband technology actually started to develop in the 1960’s. Having a broadband connection enabled the public to download considerably faster than on dial-up in the previous years. As with many new technologies, most customers were unable to afford the cost of faster Internet service. Downloads were painfully slow, but broadband technology was still expensive and not widely available to small businesses or most private citizens. It wasn't until 1984 that the public obtained the high-speed Internet access we're accustomed to today. The best dial-up modems available in the early 1990's were 56 kbps. Broadband didn’t really lift off to the widespread public until 2001. The government declared that by 2010 every Nova Scotian would have access to wired broadband connections and most would also be able to enjoy wireless access.

For instance with a broadband speed like mine a single, low-quality song (3.5MB) would take around ten minutes to download, So realistically it would take 30 minutes to a few hours. If I wanted to download a low quality movie (700MB), it would take about 3 – 5 hours.

Common practical download speeds for wireless range between 200 kpbs to 3000 kpbs (3.0Mbps). These speeds are generally the same to the lower end speeds of ADSL. Wireless technology is constantly being improved and has the potential to reach maximum speeds far greater than those experienced at the highest level.

Relevance

The progression of the modem and broadband accompanies the creation of the Arpanet and worldwide web and not forgetting the computers themselves and giving us the ability to use all these aspects to do the things we deem as necessary or essential in today’s society. The link we share with broadband devices is next to none, with the connection increasing in power and speed every year, the public can see the noticeable changes that broadband alone has given us. Although those that choose not to subscribe to the wonders of broadband see this in a different light. The non-adopters don’t see the relevance of the Internet to their lives, and don’t see a need to subscribe. This is particularly true in rural areas, where access is a problem. There are persuasive reasons to have broadband access, and the Internet is fast becoming an essential part of everyday life, much like electricity was in the 1930’s.

History

ARPA stands for the Advanced Research Projects Agency, a branch of the military that developed top secret systems and weapons during the Cold War in 1969. Only four computers were connected together using the original ARPANET back then, they were all located in different computer research laboratories of UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UC Santa Barbara and the University of Utah. As the networking expanded and developed further other computers joined the network and caused a string of compatibility problems. The solution rested in a better set of protocols called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) designed in 1982.

Relevance

The ARPANET was the first internet, without it, the internet as we know it today wouldn’t have even existed. In today’s society we take the internet for granted, just think of all the questions or information we wouldn’t know if the internet was never invented, I would never have been able to do this research or try to find out an illness that I have caught in the past. Billionaires like Bill Gates would probably still be a billionaire if the internet didn’t exist as the computers still needed the word processors and he still created the Xbox. Also the change that we have seen through the different decades probably wouldn’t have changed as much as it has, as social networking sites wouldn’t have been around to cause any impact on the society for aspects like violence and bullying among other widely publicised stories which we see in the media today.

History

Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California. Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Eventually they came to the decision to change the name to Google, originating from the misspelling of the word "googol”, which is the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine wants to provide large quantities of information for a large number of people. In May 2011, the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed 1 billion for the first time, an 8.4 percent increase from May 2010 (931 million). In January of 2013, Google announced it had earned $50 billion in annual revenue for the year of 2012. This marked the first time Google had reached this feat, topping their 2011 total of $38 billion. This evidence shows the vast increase in size and profit that Google has made since being introduced to us in 1996.

Relevance

Google is a worldwide known company that allows many people to search for various topics and other questions they may have. Google has become a large part of people's lives over the passing years, it has become that popular that people now say when they are going to find something out as, “I’ll Google it” making the company name a commonly used phrase.Although there are other search engines on the internet today many people choose Google as their first as it’s reliable and also just by the look of the overall package.

1960

Software - Wikipedia

Procedural - Browsers

Procedural - HTML

Hardware - Smartphone Technology

History

HTML 1.0 was the first release of HTML to the world. Not many people were involved in website creation at the time, and the language was very limiting. There really wasn’t much you could do with it bar getting some simple text onto the web. HTML which is short for Hypertext Mark-up Language is the official language of the World Wide Web and was first conceived in 1990. HTML was originally created to allow those who were not specialized in SGML (Standard Generalized Mark-up Language, which is a complex technical specification describing mark-up languages, especially those used in electronic document exchange and document publishing) to publish and exchange scientific and other technical documents. Since HTML 1.0 was invented there have been a further six variations of the product throughout the years.

Relevance

Web pages, home pages, websites and the entire World Wide Web are essentially a collection of pure text documents coded in HTML. Because TCP/IP and HTML are common principles, web pages can be easily shared among Mac, PC, UNIX, LINUX and other operating systems using a basic browser, such as Netscape or Internet Explorer. For this reason, Intranets make good economic sense as a business networking solution. Therefore without the help of HTML none of this would exist nor make sense. If there was no HTML invented we would find it very hard, if not impossible to create a web page, and I wouldn't be here now writing about it as I would have had no way of finding out the information I needed.

History

Netscape Communications is a US computer services company, best known for Netscape Navigator, its web browser. It was first released in 1994 by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark as the first commercial World Wide Web browser, Netscape Navigator transformed how Web pages were displayed and built. Originally the program was sold to customers; it then became a free download to anyone. As the Mosaic browser was developed into a commercial offering, the University of Illinois filed a lawsuit for a copyright infringement, saying it owned the code because it was created on its campus. Andreessen and Clark settled the lawsuit, renamed their company Netscape and in December release of their Netscape Navigator. The university sold its code license to Microsoft, who began work on its own browser. AOL bundled together with Netscape and used its browser as a default setting, forcing people to use AOL via Netscape, although this has its draw backs, slow running and its overcrowded space instantly put people off. The original Netscape.com was discontinued in June 2006, replaced by the site that would eventually become Propeller.com.

Relevance

Despite the bad aspects, Netscape did outline the development of the browser generation for the years to come. Not only was it the first of its kind to be released but also allowed the users to create their own web pages without the help of HTML. The only bad feature was AOL that was attached to Netscape, otherwise Netscape wasn’t actually that bad, but AOL on the other hand had too many advertisements which were a turn off for many of their customers which lead to the discontinuation of Netscape in later years.

History

Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger Sanger coined the name Wikipedia, which is a combination of two or more words, these being; wiki (a Hawaiian word wiki, meaning “quick") and ‘pedia’ from the end of the word encyclopedia. It has 24 million articles, over 4.1 million in the English Wikipedia they are written collaboratively by volunteers wanting to share their depth of knowledge from all around the globe. Almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site, and it has about 100,000 active contributors. As of January 2013, there are editions of Wikipedia in a number of languages, 285 to be precise. It has become the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet, ranking sixth globally among all websites! Wikipedia is clearly a large source of information to many people worldwide, giving this there have been countless acts of vandalism to the site regarding misinformation on certain pages. One of the high profile cases of vandalism involved an American political figure John Seigenthaler, whose vandalised bibliography went undetected for four months in 2005.

Relevance

As said above Wikipedia has many pages to aid everyone with the information they need, going from background of today’s pop stars to the history of coding and other in depth complicated articles. Either way Wikipedia has become an increasing popular site to visit for students and also others wanting to find out pieces of information. Wales and Sanger, the creators of Wikipedia expressed that it was the idea of an open volunteer that helped to expand the popularity of the site anybody can log on to the open site and contribute to, or change a Wikipedia entry. Recently some of these anonymous volunteers gathered to meet face-to-face and celebrate their information revolution giving a more personal touch to the volunteers.

History

Although devices combining telephony and computing were conceptualized as early as 1973 and were offered for sale beginning in 1994, the term "smartphone" did not appear until 1997, when Ericsson described its GS 88 "Penelope" concept as a "Smart Phone". In 1996, Nokia released the Nokia 9000, part of the ‘Nokia Communicator’ line which became their best-selling phone of that time. Looking at how a Nokia was the best selling smartphone in 1996 shows us to this day how much this type of technology has changed over the years. Compared to 2007 when iOS first released the original iPhone which was the first of mobile phones to use a multi-touch interface, by just looking at the development of the iPhone alone we see the progress the smartphone technology has increased since the first prototype.

The iPad is a line of tablet computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc, which runs on Apple's iOS operating system, the same which is used to operate the line of iPhone’s. The first iPad was released on April 3, 2010, although there have been more newer and updated models of this since then. Some of them being the fourth-generation iPad and iPad Mini, which were released in 2012. The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard, it has built-in Wi-Fi and, on some models, cellular connectivity. Which is similar if not the same as what is included in the iPhone’s technology.

Relevance

In this day and age, the 21st century in 2013, much of our lives revolve around the dependence on smartphone technology. The majority of people using their phones rather than computers or laptops to do every day jobs, due to this e-commerce has had a massive boost of sales as more people are able to purchase whilst on the move in or out side of their homes. Not only smart phones but also the aid of tablets which facilitate the same type of assistance to many people also. These have also developed over the years and we see many other makes of tablet rather than just the iPad, many being at a lower price compared to Apple’s version.All smartphone and tablet technology has become a part of our lives, developing and moulding the future for this type of further advances, taking ideas from the past creations and including them in the future ones to be released.

Software - eBay

History

EBay was founded in 1995 by a French-born Iranian-American computer programmer Pierre Omidyar. Throughout the years eBay grow and increased in size and revenue, in 1997 they received a funding grant of $6.7million from Benchmark Capital. This amount of money and funding gave the company the ability to go public by 1998. By early 2008 the company was known worldwide and supporting millions of customers registered accounts to the company and website, revenues of $7.7billion and over 15,000 employees. To this day eBay is still forever increasing in size and sales.

Relevance

With eBay being one of the first internets bidding shopping site, many of the people you know today will have grown up with it from the start of their life as the company went public in 1998. From a personal account, I access the eBay app at least five times in a month to purchase different items, on eBay I also have the ability to sell some of my own items, and I feel that this is an important feature to the business. This could well develop in years time to something even more advanced to something us as buyers and sellers have never seen before.

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