Abnormal Gait

Ataxic Gait

push and release test

Time Up and Go Test

Tandem Walking

Step page Gait

an abnormal gait that is characterized by high lifting of the legs with the toes pointing downward and that is associated with neurological disorders which prevent normal flexion of the feet

muscles and nerve affected :

Dorsiflexor

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum longus

Peroneal Nerve

PHYSICAL THERAPY- EXERCISE

Myopathic Gait

Trendelenburg gait

Waddling Gait

Spastic gait is an abnormal type of gait in which the legs are weak and stiff, and in which there is no flexing at the knee and ankle.

Gait Assessment

Involves several steps:

• First, physical exam
• Equipment & Motion analysis
• Plantar Pressure testing
• Analyzing the data
• Follow-up Evaluation

CRUTCH WALKING GAITS

SWING-TO GAIT

The 4-point gait

is used when the patient can bear some weight on both lower extremities.

The movement of the legs is parallel and this type of gait requires considerable arm and upper body strength to support the entire body weight.

right crutch > left foot > left crutch > right foot.

SWING-THROUGH GAIT

The fastest of all crutch gaits. Commonly used by runners, swing-through is different from swing-to only in that the body lands past the crutches with every step.

Abnormal Gait

Examples of Abnormal Gait

• Cerebrovascular conditions
• Central nervous system conditions
• Cerebellar conditions

Neurologic

• Dislocation of the hip joint

• Hip pathology
• Knee pathology
• Foot and ankle pathology
• Leg length discrepancy

• Hip extensor weakness
• Quadriceps weakness
• Ankle dorsiflexor weakness

Fractures of the neck of the femur

Substantia Nigra

Collapse of the head of the femur

Musculoskeletal

strengthen the hip abductors

Manganese

Poisoning

Dead Nerves

Severe arthritis of the hip joint

Carbon Monoxide

Poisoning

Motor Weakness

No Dopamine

Paralysis of the gluteus

minimus and medius

''There's currently no cure for Parkinson's and we don't yet know why people get the condition''

Parkinson's disease

Slowness of

movement

Tremor

(shaking)

''Everyone with Parkinson's has different symptoms''

Rigidity

(stiffness)

Propulsive Gait

Muscle Strength

Exercises

Balance

Fitness

Reduces Stiffness

both sides

weakness on one side

drop on the contralateral

side of the pelvis

Spastic gait

What Causes Walking Abnormalities?

Spastic Hemiplegic Gait

Spastic Diplegic Gait

Hemiplegic Gait

The Cerebellum

Spastic Diplegic Gait

The patient stands with unilateral weakness

on the affected side,

there will be no flexion at the knee.

- The foot is plantar-flexed, and with each step is rotated away

from the body, towards it.,Forming a half circle.

In this gait the hips and knees are slightly flexed and the knees and thighs hit each other or cross at the knees while walking

circumduction gait

Scissor gait

m

Dead Nerves

Weakness Of dorsiflexon (Tibilas anterior)

Weakness of knee flexor

(Hamstring)

It result from extreme tightne (spasticity) of bilateral adductors muscles of hip

foot stretch

Tumor

Causes

Ataxia is a movement disorder resulting from the incoordination of movements and inadequate postural control, presented in balance and walking disturbances.

Brain or head trauma

Cerebral palsy

Birth trauma

Stroke

Brain or Spinal cord tumor

The most important part of physical therapy for spastic gait is to strengthen any muscles that are weakened as a result of the spasticity

Leg braces can help keep the foot aligned when the person stands and walks. If poor balance occurs, use of a cane or walker is generally recommended .