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The 8 Majors

In the 1930s-1940s, the studio system

was dominated by 8 studios. These were

divide into the big 5 and the little 3.

Block Booking, Blind Bidding

and Run Zones and Clearances

Big 5

The 8 majors were able controlled and ensured their profit with a series of distribution practices

Paramount

FOX Film

Warner Bros

MGM

RKO

Little 3

  • Block Booking = If exhibitors wanted to rent films to show in their theatres they had to rent that studio’s whole yearly output of films

  • Blind Bidding = This was done without having seen the films they were purchasing.

  • Run Zones and Clearance = The studios protected their own exhibitors (theatres) from independent competitors.

United Artists

Universal

Columbia

Classical Hollywood System

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RKO

Divorcement. The fall out

The Collapse of the Studio Era

Vertical Integration

  • Majors. No assurance of exhibition
  • Every film had to be marketed
  • Every film had to survive on its own merit
  • Move away from mass production
  • Quality rather than quantity.
  • Rise of the producer and Star power.
  • The breakdown started just before World War II, when the US Antitrust Division filed suit against the 8 majors accusing them of monopolistic practises

  • The Paramount Case was settled in May 1948 with a ruling against the studios

STUDIO

Distributor

Exhibitor

(Cinemas)

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