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The Bobcat

The Effect of Abiotic Factors

Rocks provide shelter for the bobcats to rest on.

Dead leaves and grasses make up the

bobcat birth den in a protected area.

Animalia

Cordata

Kingdom:

Phylum:

Genus:

Species:

Lynx

rufus

A N I M P O R T A N T P O P U L A T I O N

Location

Temperature

Precipitation

Animalia

Cordata

Kingdom:

Phylum:

Genus:

Species:

Lynx

* Characterized by warm summers and cold winters

* Summer temperature averages 19.7° C

* Winter average temperature is 1° C

* It rarely snows, most precipitation falls as rain

* Peak growing season is about six months long, slowing in the fall due to cold winters

* Temperature is at it's highest during July and August and at its lowest during January and Febuary

rufus

Physical Description

  • Upper side has a tawny brown coat with black spots
  • Underside has white fur with black spots on underside.
  • A short tail
  • Slightly tufted ears
  • Prominent streaked cheek ruff

Food

*A rain shadow affects the amount of rain received on the east and west sides of the forest. Storms come from the west and drop two thirds of their moisture as they pass over the Allegheny Mountains. Because of this, the east side rarely gets much rain.

* Average yearly precipitation on the west side of the forest is 150 cm

* Average yearlyprecipitation on the east side of the forest is 75 cm

Bobcats, a terciary consumer in this ecosystem, eat:

Sometimes:

  • Rabbits
  • Rodents
  • Birds
  • Foxes
  • Moles
  • White-tailed deer
  • Pronghorn antelope
  • Carrion (not spoiled)
  • Shrews
  • Skunks
  • Reptiles
  • Insects
  • Poultry
  • Domestic cats

Coyotes

Wolves

Mountain Lions

Bobcats are only eaten by three animals:

Predators

Human Impact

As land-use policies change, houses are built in bobcat habitats. Interactions between bobcats and humans often result in the removal of the bobcat from the area.

Location

Physical Description

  • Upper side has a tawny brown coat with black spots
  • Underside has white fur with black spots on underside.
  • A short tail
  • Slightly tufted ears
  • Prominent streaked cheek ruff

Abiotic

Factors

* Plants grow according to the ammount of precipitation in the area: plants that need alot of water grow on the west side of the forest and plants that don't require as much grow on the east side of the forest

* Soil in the Monongahela Forest is deed and rich, so plants thrive

* Peak growing season is about 6 months long because the temperature is too cold during the other months

How Do These Factors Effect the Ecosystem?

What is the human impact on the earthworm population?

Humans add earthworms to their gardens to improve the quality of the soil. We also use them for fishbait.

* The soil and substrate in Monongahela is a deep layer of organic material

* It is composed of dead leaves and and wood after they decompose

A N I M P O R T A N T P R I M A R Y C O N S U M E R

Soil

The Earthworm

Natural History

* Earthworms live in the upper layers of soil

*The hotter the temperature gets, the farther they tunnel into the ground

*ideal temperature is about 13°C

* They prefer light, loamy soils to those high in clay and sand

Classification:

Genus:

Lumbricus

Species

sp.

The Monongahela National Forest is located in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia. This national forest covers over 364,000 hectares (909,000 acres) in the eastern part of the state, spreading across ten counties, and is the fourth largest national forest in the northeastern United States.

Population's Role in Ecosystem

What do they eat?

Earthworms eat decaying organic materials (detritus).

Where do they live?

In the top layers of soil of the Monongahela National Forest, but it can tunnel up to 2m if conditions are to hot or dry.

Other interactions and important behaviors?

After decomposing (digesting) the detritus, it returns the nutrients to the soil.

The landscape is very rugged with great views of the mountains, exposed rocks, spring floral displays, and the fall leaves of the deciduous forest.

*Birds

*Frogs

*Salamanders

*Lizards

*Shrews

*Minks

*Raccoons

*Turtles

Predators

*The earthworm's body is divided into ringlike sections

*The worm tapers at both ends

*The tail is blunter than the head.

Pysical Description

About the Monongahela National Forest

What are the Earthworm's aboitic needs and interactions?

Soil and detritus provide both a home and a sorce of food. After it eats it, the eathworm returns the nutrients back to the soil.

Individual Report by Jill Chellis

A N I M P O R T A N T S E C O N D A R Y C O N S U M E R

  • Rabbits
  • Rodents
  • Foxes
  • Moles
  • Shrews
  • Birds
  • Skunks
  • Reptiles
  • Insects
  • Poultry
  • Domestic cats
  • White-tailed deer
  • Pronghorn antelope
  • Carrion (not spoiled)

Natural History

  • Flying squirrels do not really fly, but rather glide from tree to tree.
  • They may glide up to 73 m (80 yd.), leaping from a treetop and landing on a tree trunk.
  • They store large quantities of acorns and nuts for the winter in the ground or in cracks in trees.

The Flying Squirrel

Abiotic and Biotic Factors:

Flying squirrels build nests or take over woodpecker holes high in trees. The nest may be lined with moss and plant fibers. During extreme cold weather, they stay inside and become torpid.

Where it lives:

Throughout the eastern United States, except the tip of Florida, east of Minnesota, eastern Kansas and Texas.

Human Impact

:

Clear-cut logging has greatly reduced the habitat for flying squirrel.

Classification:

Genus:

Glaucomys

Kingdom:

Animalia

Food and Predators

  • Flying squirrels eat nuts, acorns, fruits, berries, fungi, moths, insects, eggs, and nestlings. They will gnaw on the bark of the sugar maple and drink the sap.

Predators:

  • Owls
  • hawks
  • raccoons
  • weasels
  • foxes
  • domestic cats

Individual Report by Sophia Purdy

THANKS

FOR

WATCHING

We Love Vincent!

The Monongahela National Forest

Jill Chellis, Kallin Spiller and Sophia Purdy

A N I M P O R T A N T P R O D U C E R

Food is produced

through photosynthesis.

Predators

  • Raccoons
  • Opossums
  • Foxes
  • Deer
  • Skunks
  • Birds
  • Squirrels
  • Bees
  • Bears
  • Coyotes

Natural History

Human Impact

  • Native tree to the United States and grows throughout the country
  • Can grow amidst other trees or in pure stands
  • One of the first North American trees to be introduced to England, as early as 1629
  • Member of the rose family
  • The wood of the black cherry tree has been used since colonial days as material to make furniture.
  • The fruit of the tree is eaten fresh or used to make jams and jellies.

Shelter and Locations Found

  • Black cherry trees are found throughout North America, including in the Monongahela National Forest.
  • They are found in shady to sunny areas with well-drained soil.

The white flowers of the black cherry bloom in late spring, and its fruit (actual black cherries) ripen in the summertime.

The Black Cherry

Food and Predators

  • The black cherry tree is a producer, so it gains its energy through photosynthesis.

It is eaten by:

  • Raccoons
  • Opossums
  • Foxes
  • Deer
  • Skunks
  • Birds
  • Squirrels
  • Bees
  • Bears
  • Coyotes

Abiotic Needs and Interactions

  • Productivity depends on light, water and temperature levels.
  • Shade and sun decide where the tree grows.
  • The soil has to be well-drained for black cherry trees to thrive.

Classification:

Prunus

Genus:

Species:

serotina

Period 5

May 31st, 2012

Individual Report by Kallin Spiller

Monongahela National Forest Food Web

What are some actions that could be taken to reduce the impact of humans?

*Log in smaller areas at a time over a longer period of time.

* Replant trees after logging

* Leave a few downed trees in the area to provide habitats and homes for the animals.

Bobcat

Terciary Consumers

Striped Skunk

Red Fox

White-Tailed Deer

Woodchuck

Eastern Cottontail Rabbit

Wild Turkey

Secondary Consumers

HUMAN IMPACT

ON MONONGAHELA

Flying Squirrel

Issue arising from human impact and effects on the populations:

Logging is a major issue that is affecting the whole Monongahela National Forest. Before logging, forests ony had gaps and thinning when trees fell naturally due to age, disease, or animal action like beaver gnawing. Tipped-up roots, dead snags, and downed trees created habitat for birds and other animals. Now trees are cut down in larger areas, which means they are taken away (instead of falling down and providing homes for animals). Logging is also diminishing habitats for all the animals and forcing to live in smaller and smaller areas, reducing resorces and causeing the deaths of more organisms.

Earthworm

Cicada

(and decomposer)

Primary Consumers

Black Cherry

American Beech

Catawba Rhododendron

Producers

D

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