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By Saira, Mercy, Cliffton, Tiffany.
New Challenges Confronted by Both Elites
Zamindars in Mughal Empire
Zamindars were a very important class who could be either landholders in villages, descendents of old ruling families, or other chiefs who exercised autonomous administrative authority. They all had the right to collect money from other villages.
- Agricultural growth which led to an increase in economic activity.
- Women were a little more respected if they were important or high level in social classes
- Insurgence of slaves and immigrants.
- New methods in crops and field rotations.
- Development of frontier settlements.
- Had to get used to the idea of going to cities to learn new things and introduce other to their village.
Conclusion
Zamindars would be the people who would control most of your life but they also had to give to the lord mostly everything of what they received from the village people, peasants, etc.
Power of Existing Political Elite
Changes
- Zamindars held considerable power in their territories: magisterial, army, recruiment (as lathials), revenue collection and taxation, amoung others.
- Many kinds were zamindars, such as the Royal House of Benares; conversely many newzamindars were old kinds.
- Held enormous tracts of land, and held control over the peasants, from whom the zamindars reserved the right to collect taxes.
- Many zamindars were indian princes who lost their sovereignty due to British rule.
- Restructured new ethinic, racial and gender hierarchies.
Impact on Monarchs and Leaders
Power of Existing Economic Elites
- Monarchs held the power to issue land grands (also known as Jagir) to superiors or military leaders
- The leaders/government and issues with the zamindars in regards to who would get the bigger share of produce.
- Since the leaders and the zamindars were in so much of a disagreement, the zamindars ended up being the main class of the empire.
- The leaders eventually grew less interested in governing but instead focused on their luxurious lifestyles.
- During the unfair economy, leader declared independence.
- Confronted new challenges to their ability to affect the policies of the increasingly powerful monarchs and leaders.
- Widens global economic opportunities contributed to the formation of new economic.
- The dependence of European men on Southeast women for conducting trade in the region.
- Trade was very active, made economy increase.
- Conquered land but had trouble administrating all the territorial control.
Zamindars in Mughal Empire