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VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS - LEDC VS MEDC

Kilauea

Responses

Rebuilding houses, roads, machinery, etc...

Managing the Impacts

BACKGROUND

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory monitors the volcano.

7 mile long tube vent to the sea. Has been very successful as lava rarely escapes from it.

Small population of 2248.

The Island of Kilauea is 1.5 square miles big.

Therefore a low population density.

Secondary Impacts

Constant release of sulfur dioxide reducing air quality.

Eruptions are so frequent that investment is likely to be low.

WHAT HAPPENED

Primary Impacts

January 3rd 1983 tremors were felt for 9 hours.

However there were no deaths, but $61 million of damage.

Lava covered 37 miles of land.

181 homes destroyed.

Damage to vegetation, machinery and crops.

500 acres added to the island.

Roads and communication broken.

Montserrat

Primary impacts

short term responses

2/3rds

of the island covered in ash

19

deaths

Pyroclastic flows destroy and cover 7 villages, Bramble airport, only hospital, biggest school and Plymouth (capital) - ”ghost town”

floods as ash blocks valleys

  • Evacuation. - 11,000 population 7,000 have left to neighbouring countries or UK (3,000 to Antigua)
  • Abandonment of the capital city
  • The British government aid (£41 mill).
  • £6.5 mill spent towards emergency housing
  • Search and rescue teams sent out and survivors evacuated by helicopters

Pyroclastic flows cause forest fires and small tsunamis

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

1995 July Phreatic eruption of ash and steam August 5,000 evacuated as a precaution December Plymouth evacuated as new dome grows.

Secondary impacts

Destructive subduction plate margin

- forms the Peurto Rico Trench

& the Antilles volcanic island arc

Population had to move to the, uninhabited, north of the island

Tourism adversely effected

Long-term responses and results

Transport & communications affected – (port and airport destroyed)

Over half the population who left island have not returned (population went from 11,000 to 4000)

Soufriere Hills

chances peak

composite volcano

Acid rain destroyed vegetation and polluted rivers and lakes

Lost livelihood

• £2400 given to individuals to help them relocate – riots occurred because locals thought Britain wasn’t doing enough

• An exclusion zone was set up in the volcanic region

• Montserrat volcano observatory monitors lava domes.

• New infrastructure built in the south: new capital: “Little Bay”, new airport: “Gerald’s airport”

.

composed mainly of consolidated ash layers from previous eruptions

1996 March–Sept First pyroclastic flows down the Tar River valley, creating a new delta in the sea. April South of island evacuated. Plymouth abandoned.

Caribbean islands

"emerald isle"

30 miles southwest of Antigua

25th June- Most devastating flow yet down NE slopes of volcano - 9000m high eruption cloud.

19 people killed

who had returned to their homes in the danger zone

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