Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading content…
Loading…
Transcript

Piaget vs. Vygotsky vs. Bruner

Piaget

Vygotsky

Bruner

CONCLUSION

Bruner and Vygotsky

Theory

  • They emphasize on the child’s environment (social environment)
  • The both think that the other people should help the child through scaffolding.
  • Bruner’s scaffolding is similar to Vygotsky’s ZPD.

“Bruner would likely agree with Vygotsky that language serves to mediate between environmental stimuli and the individual's response”(McLeod,2012) .

“The role of the teacher should not be to teach information by rote learning, but instead to facilitate the learning process”(McLeod,2012).

BRUNER AGREES WITH PIAGET:

Bruner's key ideas

  • Children are curious
  • Children’s cognitive structure develop over time
  • Children are active participants in the learning process

BRUNER DISAGREES WITH PIAGET:

* The Spiral Curriculum

* Discovery/ inquiry based learning

* Three modes of representation:

  • Enactive representation (action-based)
  • Iconic representation (image-based)
  • Symbolic representation (language-based)

  • Development is a continuous process – not a series of stages
  • The development of language is a cause not a consequence of cognitive development
  • Involve adults

Criticisms

Educational Applications

Background of life

  • Creation of cognitive overload.
  • Potential misconceptions.
  • Teachers may fail to detect problems and misconceptions.
  • Motivate the students, engage them, and ask questions to discover.
  • Students should be able to use their prior knowledge to learn new things.
  • Scaffolding: help the students to sort the information
  • Spiral Curriculum, build on previous knowledge.
  • Recording of experiences through drawings, pictures, photographs, video, diagrams

Name: Jerome Bruner

Nationality: American

Born: 1915

Education: Duke University, Harvard University

Known for: Contributions to cognitive psychology and educational psychology coining the term "scaffolding"

Fields: Psychology

Job: Teaching at the University of Oxford in England and then an adjunct professor at NYU School of Law

Best book: A Study of Thinking

Background of life

Criticisms

Background of life

Criticisms

Name: Lev Vygotsky

Nationality: Russian from Orsha

Born: 1896

Job: Teaching literature

Fields: Psychology

Best book: Thought and language

Education: Moscow State University, Shaniavskii Moscow City People's University

Known for: Cultural-historical psychology, Zone of proximal development

Died: 1934 (aged 37)

  • Ignores the role of the individual and in contrast emphasizes the social or collective.
  • The theory was assumed to be applicable to all culture and abilities.
  • The ZPD is very vague and does not contain an accurate picture of a child's learning style, current ability level, or motivational factors.

References

Name: Jean Piaget

Nationality: Switzerland

Born: 1896

Marriage: Married in 1921

Job: A professor of psychology and philosophy at university

Education: University of Zürich, Sorbonne, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel Latin High School

Fields: Biologist, Psychologist, Scientist

Best book: The Psychology of Intelligence

Studies: Zoology and completed his doctorate in 1918

Died: 1980 (aged 84)

Three of the main principles of Vygotsky's work:

  • He failed to consider the effect that the social setting and culture may have on cognitive development.
  • Piaget conducted the observations a lone the data collected are based on his own subjective interpretation of events.
  • Piaget failed to distinguish between competence and performance.
  • Behaviorism would also refute Piaget's schema theory because is cannot be directly observed as it is an intimal process.
  • He applied his studies on wealthy children in one society (Switzerland).
  • More Knowledgeable Other (MKO): The key to MKOs is that they must have (or be programmed with) more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does.
  • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): This is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
  • Vygotsky believe that the language play critical roles in cognitive development (social speech, private speech, inner speech).

“In contrast to Piaget’s (1959) notion of private speech representing a developmental dead-end, Vygotsky (1934, 1987) viewed private speech as: “a revolution in development which is triggered when preverbal thought and preintellectual language come together to create fundamentally new forms of mental functioning”.

Theory

Classroom Applications

McLendon, K. (2011, April 26). Jean Piaget: Cognitive Development in the Classroom. Retrieved from Funderstanding: http://www.funderstanding.com/educators/jean-piaget-cognitive-development-in-the-classroom/

McLeod, S. (2012). Bruner. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/bruner.html

McLeod, S. (2014). Lev Vygotsky. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html

McLeod, S. (2015). Jean Piaget. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html

Teaching Strategies. (2015). Retrieved from Online Learning Center: http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0070905738/student_view0/chapter8/teaching_strategies.html

"Vygotsky's theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of "making meaning"(McLeod,2014).

Theory

Applying Jean Piaget in the Classroom

There Are Three Basic Components To Piaget's Cognitive Theory:

  • Schemas (building blocks of knowledge).
  • Adaptation processes that enable the transition from one stage to another (equilibrium, assimilation and accommodation).
  • Stages of Development:

Vygotsky vs. Piaget

  • Working together: “group members should have different levels of ability so more advanced peers can help less advanced members operate within their ZPD”.
  • Social constructivism
  • Monitor and encourage children’s use of private speech.
  • Assist the child until he or she can complete all of the steps independently.
  • Giving hints to make the child move to next level (ZPD)
  • Observation: observe children while they were working to see their level.
  • Using concrete and visual material in the class
  • Don’t expect to see the students think of others point of view.
  • Dealing with new information (Assimilation, Accommodation, Equilibration)

Stages of Cognitive Development:

  • Sensori-motor (Birth-2 years): imitation, memory and thought begin to be utilized.
  • Pre-operational (2-7 years): language development and recognizing symbolic form.
  • Concrete operational (7-11 years): able to solve hands-on problems logically.
  • Formal operational (11 years and up): able to solve abstract problems in a logical fashion.

  • Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting/shaping cognitive development
  • Vygotsky places considerably more emphasis on social factors contributing to cognitive development (Piaget is criticized for underestimating this).
  • Vygotsky places more (and different) emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development (again Piaget is criticized for lack of emphasis on this).
  • According to Vygotsky adults are an important source of cognitive development

Piaget's Theory Differs From Others In Several Ways:

  • It is concerned with children, rather than all learners.
  • It focuses on development, rather than learning, so it does not address learning of information or specific behaviors.
  • It proposes discrete stages of development, marked by qualitative differences, rather than a gradual increase in number and complexity of behaviors, concepts, ideas, etc.

THANK YOU!

Aysha M. AlBlooshi & Eman

H00282345 & H00322791

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi