Spheres of Influence: China

Late 18th ~Early 19th Century

The Opium Wars

• Self-sufficient China:

rapid productions of rice and foreign crops, abundant mining, successful production of valuable items

• Opium Addiction:

introduced by British to trade with China, decades later: 12 million addicts

• Opium Wars

Great Britain declared war on China in this series of wars at sea

The Unequal Treaties

Events Leading to the Spheres of Influence

Gains of Foreign Powers

Additional Gains

page from Treaty

a series of signed treaties that provided Western powers with extraterritorial rights and concessions from the Chinese

China's ancient ships failed to defeat those of Great Britain.

British:

• Railroad Constructions
• Mining Privileges
• cheaper goods
• Forced China to pay an indemnity (compensation)

Japan: gained Taiwan

Germany: controlled Shandong Peninsula

France: gained control of Southern China

ALL countries opened up factories and ports with new trading goods due to their spheres of influence.

• Practiced Paternalism (superiority) on China's land and economy
• Used indirect rule to control China (Europeans ruled China's officials)
• Benefited economically, militarily and technologically
• Drained China's power
• Open Door Policy secured trading rights of ALL nations

• Defeated at sea: China lost the Opium war against Britain
• Unequal Treaties

-extraterritorial rights

• Taiping Rebellion:

increased hunger, opium addiction, and the presence of foreigners motivated ideas of rebellion

• Spheres of Influence

The Spheres of Influence

The Open Door Policy granted trading rights within China to all nations.

replica at the Hong Kong Museum of History

Concessions from China

The Treaty of Nanjing in 1842:

• opened Chinese ports to trade with the British, and later, to other Western powers
• granted the British a territory: Hong Kong
• forced China to pay 20 million silver dollars

Bibliography

a form of imperialism from European powers in which nations owned parts of China and the regions' trading rights and economy

Here, the Taiping army attacks foreign villages within China.

This image represents the fighting of foreign powers over their sphere of influence in China.

• Japan won Taiwan after a war with China
• China had to pay for war damages
• Germany gained Shandong Penninsula
• France controlled bottom of China
• All countries opened factories and ports

Other Foreiners Benefits

The British were granted the territory of Hong Kong in 1842

Each country possessed their own sphere of influence.

• "Chapter 28 Section 1: China Resists Outside Influence." World History: Patterns of Interaction. Roger B. Beck. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. 805-09. Print.
• "Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914." Choice Reviews Online 45.12 (2008): n. pag. Http://www.tamaqua.k12.pa.us/cms/lib07/PA01000119/Centricity/Domain/119/TheAgeofImperialism.pdf. 2009. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
• "The Inner Opium War." Choice Reviews Online 30.03 (1992): n. pag. Web.
• The Opium War and Foreign Encroachment | Asia for Educators | Columbia University." The Opium War and Foreign Encroachment | Asia for Educators | Columbia University. Columbia University, 2009. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
• Trueman, Chris. "The Boxer Rebellion - History Learning Site." History Learning Site. N.p., 26 May 2014. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.

Chinese Resistance and Rebellion

British and Japanese soldiers assaulted the Chinese army

• By 1989, nationalism swept across China.
• Ideas to protect one's country evolved into rebellions.
• The Boxer rebellion started in North China.
• Rebels were in a secret society called Yi Ho Tuan or “Righteous Harmony Fists”.
• The capital, Peking, was in ruins.

The Boxers were eventually executed.

Spheres of Influence: China

By: Evelyn Poznansky, Hidayethunisa Rehmat, Isabelle Seun, Selena Tan, Sonia Trelles

(Group 5, Period 9)