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Why hasn’t this been done before?

  • New technology only commercially available in the last five years
  • Technology was focused on military and law enforcement markets
  • Early GSD technology had high capital costs compared to other security technology
  • Additional studies required for using technology indoors

The Problem – Active Shooters

  • A RCMP study on gun violence cited 224 Canadians intentionally killed or wounded by firearms in 2004. Media reports cite rising gun violence trends in 2011-2012.
  • An NYPD analysis of active shooters in the US examined 324 shooting incidents from 1966 to 2012, including 153 incidents between 2000 and 2012
  • The majority of incidents end prior to first responders arrival
  • 56% of events end without ‘Applied Force’ or with shooter suicide
  • 43% end with ‘Applied Force’ including that applied by on scene actors
  • Goal of the shooters is to cause casualties; they rely on easy access to stationary, passive victims

The Next Steps

Questions?

1. Develop a partnership with RCMP

2. Design and develop a test case

3. Procure, install, and develop procedures

4. Develop standards for GSD application

5. Promote the program

Gun Policy

Current Remedies

Training and Awareness

Mental Health

Law Enforcement Tactics

Workplace Violence

School SAFE Plan

Quebec National Assembly Shooting

  • Soldier takes multiple weapons and ammunition from a military armory
  • Goal is to enter while parliament in session and target politicians, but enters early
  • 9:45 AM Shooter enters the parliament building from a side entrance, engages staff in a lobby, adjacent hallway, and a cafeteria
  • Shooter is intercepted by the Sergeant-At-Arms, who successfully stalls the shooter resulting in a 4 hour hostage standoff
  • Sergeant-At-Arms eventually convinces shooter to surrender to military police
  • Results in 3x staffers killed

Possible Benefits of GSD Integration

Immediate detection and notification could have significantly reduced casualties:

  • Immediate lock down to restrict movement
  • Immediate notification of police
  • Immediate notification to allow personnel to evacuate away from the shooters, reduce available hostages
  • Clear information on number of shoots fired, location of shooter provided to first responders

Our Approach

Montreal Ecole Polytechnique

Dawson College Shooting

  • 12:41pm Shooter parks car in front of college entrance, pulls weapons from trunk
  • Shooter walks to the front steps and begins shooting students from outside the building
  • Shooter walks inside the building towards the cafeteria and begins engaging students
  • 12:45 nearby officers move to building following 911 call, and move towards the sounds of gunfire
  • 12:48 after gunfire exchange with police, shooter is wounded in the arm and commits suicide
  • ~4:00PM - Shooter waits and mills around registrar office with hidden weapons
  • 5:00pm – Shooter climbs to 2nd floor, enters classroom with rifle. Orders males out of the room and beings engaging females
  • Shooter moves to a second classroom, attempts to shoot additional students but weapon malfunctions
  • Shooter moves to stairwell, clears malfunctions, moves back to classroom but room is locked
  • ~5:10pm Shooter descends to first floor cafeteria, fires shot into ceiling. Students still eating begin to flee as shooter continues engaging
  • ~5:10pm Police arrive and establish cordon
  • Shooter moves to third floor, enters a third classroom (where class is continuing) and engages students.
  • ~5:20pm someone pulls fire alarm and police make entrance into the building
  • Shooter commits suicide

From first shots to officer entrance and shooter suicide is 20 minutes (estimated)

Possible Benefits of GSD Integration

William Foos

Senior Security Consultant

wfoos@gfnet.com

(717) 763-7212 x2235

L. McEwan Van der Mandele Vice President

mvandermandele@gfnet.com

(717) 763-7212 x 2916

Immediate detection and notification could have reduced casualties

  • Shooting at outer doors would have triggered system
  • Immediate notification to staff and police
  • Integration with access control could have locked shooter out of the building
  • Responding officers could have been updated with location of the shooter, movement of shooter, and number of shots

Immediate detection and notification could have significantly reduced casualties

  • Shooting on second floor would have been detected
  • Immediate notification could have forced reactions by students
  • Immediate lock down could have restricted access to additional classrooms
  • Delivery of information to responders could have eliminated 10 minutes in cordon and response planning

We may not be able to prevent these events, but we do have a solution to minimize the damage:

  • Provide immediate notification and warning to the populace
  • Provide timely, detailed information to potential victims
  • Immediately provide actionable intelligence to first responders
  • Help responding personnel to act more decisively to minimize casualties

… our goal is to reduce the time the shooter has to act and increase the ability of potential victims to react appropriately during a crisis.

The Fire Detection Model

From 2003-2005 School Structure Fires have not resulted in any deaths.

Fire alarms do not prevent or extinguish fire – they mitigate the damages

  • Detecting the Fire
  • Identifying stage of the fire and its location
  • Provides timely notification
  • Reduces spread of the fire

We want to use this same model to reduce the impact of active shooter events

December 1st, 1958 - Our Lady of the Angels School, Chicago, IL

92 Children and 3 nuns perished

“Fires have killed no students in the past 50 years in North America while 48 students were killed by school violence in 1998. The number jumped to 63 in 2007 alone…We must prepare for violence like firefighters prepare for fires, any thing else is negligent…Tragedies like Columbine and Jonesboro could have been prevented if only a fraction of the money spent on fire training was diverted to violence training and protocol”

- LTC David Grossman, USA (RET)

Psychologist, researcher, author

Internationally renowned researcher on killing and violence

SENTRI by Safety Dynamics

SENTRI Capabilities

  • Uses a small microphone array to record millisecond-long waveforms (no continuous recording of conversations – reduces privacy concerns)
  • Compares these waveforms to ambient noise and known explosive/impulsive sounds
  • A suite of algorithms is used to identify and characterize gunshots

Identify event

Determine likely number of shots fired

Determine likely number of shooters

Determine direction of shots fired

  • Ideal for integration with other security and life safety systems – cameras, access control, fire alarms, speakers/inter-coms or other mass notification systems
  • Outdoor detection range proven to 800m (range limited by testing area, not by system function)
  • 97.22% detection during range testing on 30 different military and civilian weapons from .22 to 7.62mm
  • Detects gunshot < 1 second and within 1 degree field of view

Below is an illustration of SENTRI in use

Safety Dynamics, INC

Tucson, AZ

History of Gunshot Detection

Gannett Fleming, Inc

Security Services Group

207 Senate Ave

Camp Hill, PA 17011

  • Lessons learned from sniper incidents in Bosnia in the 1990’s led to research into Shot Detection
  • ‘Anti-Sniper’ systems developed in 2003 in reaction to urban combat in Iraq.
  • DARPA research led to development and deployment of the BOOMERANG microphone system – first funded in 1997 but expedited in 2003
  • Used widely in Iraq and Afghanistan, both stationary and mounted on vehicles to identify the source of gunfire and provide direction to soldiers or control weapon systems
  • GSD for Law Enforcement used in a wide-area-surveillance application for high violence neighborhoods
  • First employed in California in 1996, to record events, notify officers, and provide evidence for prosecution

Gunshot Detection (GSD) Technology

Uses microphones and acoustic analysis to identify the sound of a gunshot and/or the wave from a bullets flight through the air, and then deliver critical data to a user or information system.

Analysis by processors identifies characteristics of the sound not perceivable by humans, and conducts complex trigonometric calculations to identify the likely location of the shooter.

Public School Safety Enhancement Program: Integration of Gunshot Detection Technology

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