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Imperialism Timeline

Motives Driving the Imperialism

Economic intersest, political and military motives, humanitarian and religous goals, and social darwanism were all motives driving the new imperialism. The industrial revolution created needs that were the impetus for overseas expansion. European factories wanted natural resources. Resources like rubber and manganese for steel. Military and political motives also spurred imperialism. With the invention of steam ships, ships needed to stop at harbors and take on caoal and necessary supplies. Nationalism also played a big part. When a country moved into another country, other countries would try to halt the first country's expansion. Another force driving the Imperialism were humanitarian and religious goals. Missionaries and doctors felt it was their duty to spread Christianity and and the blessings of Western civilization to their "little brothers." The final driving force for the new Imperialism was social Darwanism. This was the belief of racial superiority. Many of the Westerners had embraced this idea. With this came the destroying of the native coutry's culture. As a result of these points, many country's lost a lot of their culture and a new imperialism was born.

Suez Canal and Egypt (1805-1882)

Muhammed Ali was a soldier appointed governor of Egypt and seize power in 1805. Ali is also credited with the reforming of Egypt. He worked on improving tax collection, reorganizing the land holding system and farm output. After he died, control was handed down to his successors. These hiers did not posses the skills Ali had. As a result, the Europeans took over and built the Suez canal. The canal was organized by the French entrepeneur, Ferdinand de Lesseps and construction started in 1858. This canal made it easier for European countries to trade with their territories in Africa.

European Claims in Muslim Regions

Eventually, European claims made their way into Mulim regions. It was only a matter of time with the condition of the Ottoman Empire and the stresses in the Mulim Regions. Stresses in the Muslim region included the rise of Muslim reform movements, decling empires, and the rapid growth of Western Imperialism. The problems that faced the Ottoman Empire were increases in European pressure, efforts to westernize, young Turks demanding reforms, and the Armenian genocide. Added all thogether these causes led to European claims in Muslim regions.

Opium War (1839-1842)

Opium is a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the opium poppy, used as a narcotic and in medicine as an analgesic. This drug was imported from England to the Chinese in trade of tea. The tea was very popular in England it the trade went on for some time. When the Chinese started getting addicted to the drug the supply of tea started to get low and silver was traded instead. The Chinese government realized that the economy was going down because of these uneven trades and ordered the British to stop the trade. The English refused because they claimed it was part of free trade. This caused over seas fighting, in 1839 and the British destroyed the Chinese with there advanced ships and advanced weapons they had on board.

Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)

The decline Quing dynasty, poor maitenance of irrigation and canals, a population boom, Imperial court, tax evasion, and widespread official coruption led to the Taiping Rebellion. The Taiping Rebellion was the most devastating peasant revolt in history. The rebellion lasted from 1850-1864. The leader, Hong Xiuquan and the rebels took control of large parts of China and held out for fourteen years. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of about 20 million to 30 million Chinese and almost the collapse of Quing dynasty.

The Meiji Transformation (1864)

As the Japanese looked to reform there government, in the 1890’s they repeatedly looked at western civilisation or Europe for new ideas. Allot of the different techniques they used came from the Germans and there government.The idea of one leader to have absolute power didn't last long but soon legislators were added to the plan for government who then tweaked the system to make the Japanese economy start booming. Soon railroads, banks, telegraphs and the postal system were at an all time high and these things helped government and economy. After that all people were evenly educated which strengthened the country as well.

China Launching Reforms (1860-1898)

In the 1860's, Chinese reformers launche the "Self-strengthening movement. These reformers imported Western technology and set up factories to make modern weapons. With this "self-strengthening movement," the Chinese developed ship yards, railroads, and other light industries. The Chinese translated Western works on science, government, and economy. Another thing that led up to all these reforms was the Sino-Japanese war. In 1894, the Sino-Japanese war started. Because China had modernized and China did not, Japan had no problem defeating China. This defeat also revealed China's weaknesses to the west. The Western powers moved quickly to carve out the Chinese coast. Britain took the Chang River valley, the French aquired the territory near Indochina, and Germany and Russia had parts of Northern China. The United States did not take any parts of China because it feared the European powers would shut out American merchants. Due to all these reforms, in 1898, Guang Xu launched the Hundred Days of Reforms. New laws were set out to modernize China. These reforms affected schools, the military, and the beuracracy. Conservatists rallied against the reforms. As a result, Guang Xu was imprisoned and Ci Xi was put back in charge.

Berlin Confrence and the Partitioning of Africa (1884-1885)

The Berlin Conference began on November 15, 1884, in Berlin Germany. The matter of the conference was who got which parts of Africa. This being said, no Africans were invited.Otto von Bismark proposed the conference. The original purpose of the conference was to agree that the Congo and Niger River mouths were to be neutral and open to trade. Fourteen countries were represented at the conference by numerous ambassadors. The countries represented at the council were Austria- Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden- Norway, Turkey, and the United States of America. Of the fourteen countries France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal controlled most of colonial Africa. The conference finally came to a close on February 26, 1885. The conference resulted in the disconnect of over fifty countries. These fifty new countries were not alike in culture and spoke many different languages.

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