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The American Common School Period (1840-1880)
11
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The American Common School Period (1840-1880
Zouie and Yazmine
African American Education
Horace Mann
Worked to establish free, public education for all.
The first state-supported schools were called common schools.Tried to improve and standardize schools.
One of the keys to this was establishing normal schools for teacher-training
Successfully advocated the establishments of free libraries.
Very few enslaved African Americans were able to read and write.Most who learned did so in secret.
Laws existed in many places in the South prohibiting educating African Americans.Whites feared that if they were educated it would lead to a rebellion.In the northern states, former slaves faced tremendous obstacles to education (both social and economic).First African American colleges were founded.Howard University
Spellman College (for women).Many efforts were short-lived Most schools remained strictly segregated
School Curricullum
The Role Of Teachers
Continued to teach the basics along with Christian principles and citizenship.Students now also learned Greek, Roman, English, and American history.Educational opportunities still remained limited, especially in less populated areas.Wealthy boys went on to study Greek, Latin, and English grammar plus advanced math, geography, literature, and science in preparation for university.In 1862, federal land was given to establish colleges in every state.This is also known as the Land-Grant College Act.These colleges were to provide practical education in agriculture, home economics, and other useful professions to people from all social classes.
This made higher education available to Americans nationwide.
In 1890, a second Morrill Act expanded the system.
At the beginning of the period, most children were educated at home or in small country schoolhouses where one teacher taught all grades.Teachers in small country school houses were paid by community members and salaries were quite low because people had little money to spare.Horace Mann’s impact led to teachers who were better prepared to teach.Applicants to normal schools had to take a test to show they were properly educated.
As a result, there were higher expectations of teacher knowledge and teaching abilities.
Photo based on: 'horizon' by pierreyves @ flickr
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