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Transcript

How do acids and bases affect my daily life?

By: Heidi & Courtni

pH Scale

pH Scale

Strong Bases

Strong Acids

In strong bases OH- separates easily.

LiOH

NaOH

KOH Alkali Metals w/ OH

RbOH

CsOH

Ca(OH)2

Sr(OH)2 Earth Alkali Metals

Ba(OH)2

Arrhenius- OH- ions present

Lithium Diisopropylamide

In a strong acid the H+ separates easy

Strong acids include:

Arrhenius - H+ ions are present

HCl

HBr

HI

H2SO4

HNO3

HClO3 (Sometimes)

0

14

Weak Bases

Weak Acids

In weak acids H+ stay on for the most part.

Every other acid is a weak acid.

Methane is one of the weakest acids

In a weak base the OH- stay on for the most part.

Every other base is a weak base.

Ammonia is an example of a weak base

7

Buffers

Buffers resist large pH changes in a solution.

Consists of either

-A weak acid and it's conjugate base

-A weak base and it's conjugate acid

Examples: Blood, Lemonade

Acids

Neutral Solution

Bases

Turns red on blue Litmus paper

and is sour in taste.

Turns blue litmus paper red. Bitter in taste.

Bronsted-Lowry Acids

Equal amounts of acid and base

pH= 7.00

pOH= 7.00 at any temperature

[H+]=[OH-]

equilibrium changes at different temperatures

Neutral is not a lack of acid or base, it's the same amount of each.

Bronsted- Lowry - Acid/Base

Bronsted focuses on P+

  • Acids Donate H+ (H3)+
  • AD part of the BAAD acronym

HCl+H20 Cl-+H3O+

A CB

H2O+NH3 OH-+NH4+

A CB

Anything that donates a H+

is an acid

Bronsted focuses on protons

Base accepts H+ (H3O+)

+

Acid Base

HCl + H2O Cl- +H30+

B CA

Lewis Acid

Acids in Real Life

Lewis Bases

Examples of Bases

One of Mrs. Young's favorite things... deodorant!

Cleaners, Laxatives, Baking Soda, Detergents (Then we are able to have clean clothes), Bleach is also a base one of the stronger ones too. Lithium Diisopropylamide.

Bases in Real Life

Example: Stomach acids break down our food in our stomach. Also, Vinegar,

Asprin, Batteries, Explosives, Soft Drinks, Vitamin C,

Fertilizer. Hydrofluoric Acid.

Acids accepts electrons

Typically things with a + is an acid

Lewis Focuses on lone pairs

When added to water acids increase the

concentration of H+ ions present

Example: Soap is a base

that is both polar and non-polar. It breaks down polar and non-polar substances by forming micelles.

Lewis structures focuses on lone pairs

Bases are electron donors

Bases with a - are a base

Conjugate Pairs

Conjugate Base

A Conjugate pair is pairs of acids and bases where the acid is the one with more H+'s.

The formulas differ by one H+ ion.

H2Y-+H2Z H3Y+HZ-

Example: Acid: NH4+

Conjugate Base: NH3

A conjugate is a pair of acids and bases. The bases where the bases have less H+.

The formulas differ by one H+ ion.

H2Y-+H2Z H3Y+HZ-

Example:

Base: NH3

Conjugate Acid: NH4+

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