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Politics, Culture, Geography and Economy in Germany.........
During the time period the X-Ray was invented, a lot of historical events took place. The empire was founded toward the end of two decades of rapid economic expansion. In 1871, Germany had three successful wars and within a seven year period Denmark, the Habsburg monarchy and France were vanquished in short conflicts. Also German states exceeded France in steel production and railway building, which lead to more innovation between 1865 and 1875. Later in the 1880’s, hundreds of thousands of people migrated to North America because of the depression. During the depression the economy continued to suffer, when some recently founded corporations went bankrupt. Profits continued to decline until the mid-1890s. By 1895, businesses were growing rapidly and employment grew by 90%. The Prussian victories led to insecurities with the Continental powers, they formed their armies mirroring Germany and created defensive alliances to not find themselves isolated in the event of war.
Summary
Evolution of the X-Ray
Today
The X-Ray Machine has greatly impacted the way that doctors are practicing today. When the X-Ray was invented, doctors were given a new prospective of viewing the human body and can now be used to accurately diagnose a patient. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery made a huge impact on the medical field because it gave doctors a more efficient way of viewing the human body rather than performing surgery. Having the doctors perform surgery was very dangerous for the patient because the doctors didn't actually know what was going on. The X-Ray saved many lives and helped shape the medical field into what it is today. This supports my thesis because even though it brought many complications at first, it still made an everlasting impact on doctor's perspective and the medical field as a whole. After Röntgen discovered the X-Ray, he realized that his new discovery could be a powerful tool to use when examining the human body, which lead him to pursuing the rest of his research.
The Beginning of the
Evolution of the X-Ray
Politics, Culture, Geography and Economy in Germany Pictures
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Before the invention of the X-Ray, doctors did surgical operations on patients to try and discover the issue without actually knowing what was wrong. This was very dangerous because when doctors opened up the bodies to perform surgery, they could potentially rupture something or cause more damage than the original problem. After the X-Ray was discovered, William Conrad Röntgen realized that his discovery could really impact a lot of people and doctors could benefit greatly from this discovery. When the X-Ray was brought into the medical field, doctors utilized this invention to help make diagnosis easier and have a safer way to examine the human body. Doctors also benefited from being able to have a photo film record of the patient examined because if they need to look back at the film they could. The culture changed because many lives were saved from the development of the X-Ray and many people got a more accurate diagnosis than without the X-Ray.
Middle Stage of the
Evolution of the X-Ray
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Thesis Statement:
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The X-Ray has made a substantial impact on the medical community because it has made diagnostics more accurate and lead to more effective treatment plans.
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Evolution of the X-Ray
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Before the X-Ray was discovered, doctors preformed surgery on their patients to figure out was was happening internally. Unfortunately, due to the doctor's lack of knowledge prior to doing surgery, many patients became worse or ended up passing away. In 1895, a physicist named Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was the first to discover the X-ray. His discovery of the X-Ray was a complete accident. He made this discovery when he was testing to see if a cathode ray could pass through glass. Röntgen noticed a change in color while examining his experiment. When his wife's hand passed underneath the glass, he could see her bones. His discovery was an amazing breakthrough for the medical field. It gave doctors a new perspective of the human body and made their treatments more effective. Doctors were amazed that they could see the human body in an entirely new way. The X-Ray also made an impact on the patient's lives because they didn't have to face the danger of surgery anymore. Over the years, different innovators changed the X-Ray to improve the quality and the safeness of using the X-Ray. Such as W.D Coolidge and Gerrit Kermerink. Today the X-Ray is greatly used not only in doctors and dentist offices but also in airports for security, medicine and material analysis.
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
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By: Danica Dolle
When the X-Ray was discovered in 1895, it was right after the depression when innovation and economy started to rapidly grow. However, the X-Ray wasn’t really impacted by the circumstances because it was discovered by an accident. Nonetheless, the X-Ray still made a huge impact on society after it was discovered. Doctors were now able to have an efficient way of looking at the human body without having to perform surgery. Many lives were saved because having to perform surgeries became dangerous because doctors weren’t fully sure what was wrong with their patient before surgery. When the X-Ray was discovered, it completely impacted the medical field because it helped doctors make accurate diagnostics and have a recorded film of the part of the body they were looking at. Today, the X-Ray is still impacting people’s lives and is used for different purposes. The X-Ray is now used for security screening in airports, taking pictures of teeth in dental offices and it’s original purpose of diagnosing the human body.
Impact of Circumstances Pictures
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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's Major Contributions
Annotated Bibliography #20
@healthline. "X-Ray." Healthline. 2005. Accessed December 04, 2016. http://www.healthline.com/health/x-ray.
This article is about the purpose, procedure, and uses of the X-Ray. This article also shows the positives and potential dangers of having too many. I like this article because it tells you exactly what happens whn you have an X-Ray with steps and everything. It also states the importance of having X-Rays.
C: It was published in 2005 so it is pretty current
R: Relates to the function of the X-Ray and how it helps people/doctors
A: Healthline
A: This article is accurate because it was last revised December 1, 2016
P: to inform people about the purpose, procedure and uses of the X-Ray
Annotated Bibliography #1
Annotated Bibliography #19
"How Did the Invention of the X-Ray Machine Change Society? | The Classroom | Synonym." The Classroom | Synonym. 2001. Accessed December 05, 2016. http://classroom.synonym.com/did-invention-xray-machine-change-society-9785.html.
This article gives examples of how the X-Ray impacted society. It says that when the X-Ray was invented, it amazed doctors because they could now see the human brain and heart without having to preform surgry. This opened many doors in the medical field and helped prevent accidents by performing surgery. This relates to my thesis because it really changed the way that doctors thought.
C: This is pretty current because it was written in 2001 but not as current
R: This is relevant because it shows how people were impacted by the X-Ray
A: Author Unknown
A: This article was last checked in 2016 so it is very accurate
P: to inform people about how the X-Ray impacted society
"Germany - Germany from 1871 to 1918." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed November 08, 2016. https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/Germany-from-1871-to-1918.
This website contains documents that shows the factual historical background between 1871 to 1918, which shows what was going on when the X-Ray was invented. This article gives good examples of the social, political, and economic background of Germany in 1895. Having this website helps me figure out what else happened in 1895 when the X-Ray discovered.
C: It was published and revised in 2016
R: Relates to the history of the 1890's and gives background on peoples lives
A: Encyclopedia
A: Revised often and contains accurate information
P: to inform
Annotated Bibliography #18
Annotated Bibliography #2
@patient. "X-ray Tests | Patient." Patient. Accessed December 03, 2016. http://patient.info/health/x-ray-test.
The article explains what an X-Ray is, how it is used and what you can do with one. X-Rays can show lumps, growths, fractures and fragments. People can use X-Rays to look at broken bones, find growths, get an image of teeth, and are used for security. This helped me get a better understanding of the other purposes of X-Rays.
C: The publication date wasn't listed but it wasn't recently revised
R: shows the purpose of the X-Ray and how people beefi from it
A: Unknown Author
A: It was recently revised and medical companies created it
P: to inform people about the purpose of the X-Ray
Annotated Bibliography #3
"How Safe Are Medical X-rays? Environmental Health Guide." 2006. Accessed November 8, 2016. http://www.public.health.wa.gov.au/cproot/1394/2/How_Safe_are_Medical_X-Rays.pdf.
The information stated in this medical guide gives me a better understanding of the impacts of the X-Ray and how it affects people. The factual evidence on this guide shows the positive and negative impacts the X-Ray has on individuals and the environment. This helps my thesis because it gives me some background on the X-Ray, how it helps people in their everyday lives and how it has impacted doctors in their medical field.
C: published in 2006 (fairly current)
R: Relates to the history of the X-Ray and gives background on how it affects people's lives
A: Department of Heath
A: Government Website
P: to inform
Annotated Bibliography #4
"Radiation Effects on the Environment." LIVESTRONG.COM. 2010. Accessed November 08, 2016. http://www.livestrong.com/article/236518-radiation-effects-on-the-environment/.
This website provides information that gives me a better understanding of the impacts of the X-Ray on the environment and people's health. The factual evidence on this website shows the negative effect of the X-Ray on individuals and the environment. This helps my thesis because it gives me some background on the effects of the X-Ray, how it could negatively affects people in their everyday lives.
C: published in 2010 ad copyrighted in 2016
R: Relates to the impact of the X-Ray on the environment and gives background on how it affects people's lives
A: Says on page that it is for educational use
A: none
P: to inform
Annotated Bibliography #17
"X-Rays: MedlinePlus." X-Rays: MedlinePlus. Accessed November 08, 2016. https://medlineplus.gov.xrays.html.
The information stated in this medical article gives me a better understanding of the impacts of the X-Ray and how it affects people. The factual evidence in this article explains the development of the X-Ray and how it impacted society. This helps my thesis because it gives me some background on the X-Ray, how it impacted doctors in their medical field.
C: Last revised October 26, 2016 (Current)
R: Relates to the history of the X-Ray and the development of it
A: U.S. National Library of Medicine
A: Government Website
P: to inform
"Do X-rays and Gamma Rays Cause Any Other Health Problems?" Do X-rays and Gamma Rays Cause Any Other Health Problems? | American Cancer Society. Accessed December 02, 2016. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/radiationexposureandcancer/xraysgammaraysandcancerrisk/x-rays-gamma-rays-and-cancer-risk-other-health-problems.
This article is by the American Cancer Society and it give medical information about the effects of the X-Ray radiation. They list examples of the possible side effects of having too much radiation from X-Rays. Such as, skin irritation, weakened bones, birth defects if pregnant, cancer and etc. This article also shows some cases and gives examples of each side effect from the patient.
C: This article is current because it was last revised February 25, 2015
R: This shows the side effects that a person could develop from too much radiation
A: Unknown Author
A: Accurate because it was written by a medical organization and is revised frequently
P: to inform the reader of possible side effects from too much radiation
Annotated Bibliography #5
Annotated Bibliography #15
Nitske, W. Robert. The Life of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: Discoverer of the X- Ray. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1971.
The book titled The Life of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: Discoverer of the X-Ray, gives a full accurate representation of Röntgen's life. This book provided information about the history of the X-Ray, which helped me with my project. This book also utilized interesting facts about Röntgen, which made it more enjoyable to read.
C: This book isn't current because it was written in 1971
R: Gives me background on Röntgen's Life
A: Robert W. Nitske
A: It is accurate because it is by the University of Arizona
P: To inform the reader about Röntgen's life
Beier, Walter. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. Leipzig: Teubner, 1970.
This book is a biography of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's life and how he discovered the X-Ray. While reading the book, I learned some things that I hadn't known before which found it very interesting. I liked that this book gave me a lot of factual information about Wilhelm's entire life.
C: It's not super current because it was written in 1970 but it was close to the time period in which the X-ray was invented
R: It is relevant because it gives me some background information on Röntgen to use in my presentation
A: Walter Beier
A: Book published so it is accurate
P: inform about Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen life
Annotated Bibliography #16
Annotated Bibliography #13
Annotated Bibliography #12
Glasser, Otto. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Early History of the Roentgen Rays. London: Bale & Danielsson, 1933.
The book, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Early History of the Roentgen Rays, is based on the history of how the X-ray was developed and background on Röntgen's life. This was a very helpful source because it it gave me insight on how the X-ray was developed after Röntgen discovered it. This book also contained some information about what was happeing during Röntgen's life when he invented the X-Ray.
C: Not current but It is pretty current to when the X-ray was invented
R: Relevant to the development of X-rays and Röntgen's life
A: Otto Glasser
A: Accurate because it's a published book and it follows my other research accurately
P: to inform about the development of the X-Ray
Annotated Bibliography #7
Selman, Joseph. The Fundamentals of X-ray and Radium Physics. Springfield, IL, U.S.A.: Thomas, 1985.
This book covers and explains Radium Physics and how it applies to the X-Ray. It shows the amount of radiation in the X-Ray and at what point the radiation could become dangerous. I used this when I wanted to know the percentage of radiation that could be dangerous to the human body or cause damage.
C: This source isn't current but it is still used for research
R: Relates to how the X-ray evolved and how it was used
A: Joseph Selman
A: This is accurate because it is a published book
P: To inform the reader about the
Moritz, Andreas. "The Harmful Side Effects of X-rays Often Pose a Greater Risk than the Original Health Problem." Ener-Chi Wellness Center. September 27, 2016. Accessed December 02, 2016. http://www.ener-chi.com/the-harmful-side-effects-of-x-rays-often-pose-a-greater-risk-than-the-original-health-problem/.
This article gives really good insight on the harmful effects of X-Rays, by using facts and satistics. It explains how radiation can harm certain people and at what point it could be very dangerous. This helped me when I was researching the harmful effects the X-Ray radiation had on society. It is also good for people to know this imformation and be aware because if they want to have a healthy life they need to know tht they shouldn't be around a lot of radiation or get X-Rays often.
C: This article was written in 2016 so it is very current
R: This relates to the harmful effects of the X-Ray on society
A: Andreas Moritz
A: very accurate because it was very current and it was last edited in December 2016
P: to inform the reader of the dangers of radiation
Annotated Bibliography #9
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Lindgren, Eva Selin. X-ray Spectrometry: An International Journal. Vol. 45. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
This online book, called X-Ray Spectrometry, gives a lot of useful information about the history of the X-Ray. It also talks about how the X-Ray developed into what it is today. I used this text frequently because it helped me understand the development process of the X-Ray and how it became the X-ray after Röntgen discovered it.
C: This book is current because it was written in 2000.
R: It is relevant because it gives good information how the X-Ray was developed
A: Eva Selin Lindgren
A: Published book
P: to inform about the history of X-Rays and how it was developed
Source: http://www.arpansa.gov.au/images/basics/graph.gif
Glasser, Otto. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Dr. W.C. Röntgen. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1958.
This book contains very useful information regarding the history of X-rays and how they were used. There is a lot of factual information that enhances the readers understanding of how the X-ray was developed and how it impacted doctors diagnosis of the patient.
C: Not very current but information seems to be the same as my other research
R: Helps get information about Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's life and the history of the X-Ray
A: Otto Glasser
A: Published Book (Very Accurate)
P: to inform about the biography of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Annotated Bibliography #6
Annotated Bibliography #8
Annotated Bibliography #14
Annotated Bibliography #11
Shanks, S. Cochrane, and Peter Kerley. Text Book of X-Ray Diagnosis. London: H K Lewis &, 1971.
Nitske, W. Robert. The Life of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: Discoverer of the X Ray. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1971.
This article gave a breakdown of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen entire life. It included all of his awards and schools he attended growing up. I liked this article because it gives a good representation of how Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered the X-ray and his thoughts about his discovery. It also explained the huge impact the X-ray had on the medical field.
C: It's not current because it was written in 1971 but it was close to the time period in which the X-ray was invented
R: Gives factual information about Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
A: Robert W. Nitske
A: This website is a .ORG so it is more accurate than a .COM
P: to inform about Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
This book shows how doctors diagnose X-Rays and some of the more common diagnoses that is found while looking at X-Rays. This book also has background information on the discovery of how doctors learned to diagnose an X-Ray. I found this very interesting because its amazing that a doctor can just look at a X-Ray and can tell whats wrong.
C: This book isn't current but it was closer to the time the X-Ray was invented
R: Relates to how the doctors use the X-Ray and make a diagnosis
A: Cochrane S. Shanks
A: Pretty accurate because they still use this textbook and its open to the public
P: inform about how a diagnosis is determined
Morton, Edward Reginald. "A Text - Book of Radiology: X Rays." Archives of Radiology and Electrotherapy 23, no. 1 (1918): 30-31. doi:10.1259/are.1918.0010.
This book is based on the history of Radiology and its shows how much radiation one's body can take before it becomes deadly. This was very useful for my presentation because it helps me understand the consequences of the X-Ray on the environment and in society.
C: Not current because it was published in 1918. But it is continuously checked for errors.
R: Relates to the harmful impact on society and the environment
A: Edward Reginald Morton
A: Its a .ORG website and its by a Radiology institution
P: to inform the reader about the history of radiology and X-Rays
"RadiologyEbooks.com: A Digital Library of Free Radiology Ebooks and Free Radiology Apps | Radiology Education | Radiology." RadiologyEbooks.com: A Digital Library of Free Radiology Ebooks and Free Radiology Apps | Radiology Education | Radiology. Accessed September 20, 2016. http://www.radiologyebooks.com/.
*** This is the correct citation for this Ebook, it just has a really long title***
This textbook gives great background on the history of Radiology and how it came about. It also like the other textbook, shows the environmental impact of the radiation and how to prevent it. I like that this Ebook gives information about when it was discovered and how it evolved into how we use it today.
C: It is current for the time period in which the X-ray was discovered
R: relevant in helping me understand the impact of radiology on society/environment
A: Unknown Author
A: Very accurate because each year the Ebook is checked and edited
P: to inform the reader about how radiology came about and how it evolved
Annotated Bibliography #10
Source: http://www.livescience.com/images/i/000/050/390/original/chest-xray-111026-02.jpg?interpolation=lanczos-none&fit=inside%7C660:*
Morton, Edward Reginald. "A Textbook of Radiology: X Rays." Archives of Radiology and Electrotherapy 23, no. 1 (1918): 30-31. doi:10.1259/are.1918.0010.
This online textbook, A Textbook of Radiology: X Rays, give more information of radiology and how it was discovered. It also shows the consequences of having too much radiation and what it can be used for. This helped me with my project when I was researching the effects of radiation on the environment.
C: This isnt a current textbook but it was current when the X-Ray was developed/discovered
R: Shows the harmful effects of radiation and the history behind it
A:Edward Reginald Morton
A: Accurate because the textbook is still used today and it is continuously checked
P: to inform the reader about the history of radiation/radiology
Once Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered the X-Ray. He realized that it could be a powerful tool to use to examine the human body. He felt that it would help a great deal of people, especially doctors and the medical field. He began more experimentation on his discovery, testing to see if it worked on all body types and parts. He later discovered that his new discovery could also benefit medicine and metallurgy. He also was the founder of Radiology and how it affects people. Röntgen wrote many papers on his discovery and the news spread around the world.
The X-Ray has a negative impact on the environment. Unfortunately, even though the X-Ray helps a lot of people, it gives off too much harmful radiation that can damage an individual’s body. This radiation can cause cancer and different types of skin/muscle damage. Radiation also damages the environment because if nonfunctional X-Rays are not disposed of properly then it can be devastating to the plants and trees in the area. Also, if the radiation were to get into the water, the radiation could cause a significant decrease in reproduction because the UV-B light causes plankton to sink deeper into the water which reduces food for the rest of the marine life. Some unintended consequences that the X-ray caused would have to be leakage of radiation and how it negatively affects the body.