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How It Works Cont.

2. Gas to Liquid (GTL)

How It Works

-Water and carbon dioxide are added to adjust the ratio between carbon monoxide and hydrogen

-Hot gas is then passed over a catalyst

-Causes carbon monoxide and hydrogen to condense into long hydrocarbon chains and water

-Chains can be used to substitute for oil projects and the water can be recycled and used for steam for the beginning of the process

Occurs in two main stages:

1. Coal Gasification

-Air and steam added to raw coals and heated to 100 degrees Celcius

-Carbon in coal react with oxygen and water which produces many extras (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane)

-Carbon dioxide is a waste which is released into the atmosphere

-This process is to filter the coal

Advantages

-Coal is far more abundant than oil and gas

-An important step in decreasing our reliability on foreign oils

-Creates jobs in the coal industry

-We can produce diesel and gas to help contribute to our nations income

Disadvantages

-Generates large volumes of waste

-Low for practical use for synthetic liquid fuel production

-Lower quality

_Little possibility that this will have useable volumes of fuel

-Produces a known carcinogen

-Starting with coal, not even a renewable resource

-Produces twice as much CO2 as traditional coal industries

-Up to 8 tons of water are required for every ton of oil produced

Coal Liquefaction

Background Info

Coal Liquefaction: A process used to turn coal, a solid fuel,

into a substitute for liquid fuels such as diesel and gasoline

-First came about in the 19th century to provide gas for indoor lighting

-Used during WWII and Apartheid because they had alot of coal and no crude oil

-Can be economical if crude oil becomes scarce because coal will be available for centuries to come

-Can produce gasoline, diesel, and kerosene

-Very adaptable to coal powered machinery

-Mostly used places with unsecure supply of crude oil

-South Africa, Germany

Is it a smart idea?

Economic:

-Doesnt cost that much less

-Would reduce dependance on foreign oil

-Help out jobs and coal companies in U.S.

-Intertwines with social, economic issues

-Would take strain off of government about oil issues

-Would worry the government about oil depletion however

Environmental:

-Known carcinogens into the air

-Coal supply would deplete quickly if we used more than we are now

Political

-Would help out issues in Middle East regarding oil

-Better social ties could be made because we wouldnt need as much oil from other countries

Other Pros/Cons

Social

Other Pros/Cons Cont.

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