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- Challenged the Indian Act stating that it was discriminatory according to the 1960 bill of rights

- 1971: Judge Grossberg ruled against in County Court

- the judge stated:

  • that the Indian Act treated all women equaly
  • that Lavell had entered into a voluntary marriage which gave her rights and also obligations equal to all other Canadian married females

- In that same year (1971) Lavell's case was heard in the Federal Court of Appeal

- ruled unanimosly for Lavell stating the section of the Indian Act was discriminatory of the bases of sex

- pressure from the federal government and native organisations forced the decision to be appealed in the Supreme Court of Canada

1985: following in Levall's footsteps Sandra Lovelace brought the case to the United Nations International Human Rights Commision which ruled in her favour in the same year section 12 (1) (b) was repealed of the Indian Act

General information about Lavell

1973: case was heard along with the Bedard case

- majority of 5-4 held that the bill of rights did not apply to that section of the Indian Act

Jeanette Corbiere Lavell

- born in 1942 in Manitoulin Island

- Anishnabe woman

- she challenged gender discrimination in the Indian Act to ensure gender equality for women

- 1995: awarded YWCA Women of Distinction Award

- 2009: awarded the Governor Generals Award for her contributions in advancements of women equality

In 1970, Jeanette married David Lavell and received a notice from the Department of Indian Affairs that she was not longer considered an Indian and lost her status after section 12 (1) (b) of the Indian Act

by Karissa Maracle and Rebecca Neumayr

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