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Music, Movies, and the Harlem Renaissance

Derek Allard Jordan Edmond

Erica Sanders Brendan Blais

Valary-Jo Winstead

Dances of the 1920s

-Most of the common jazz dances were invented in the 1920s. The Charleston was one

of the first, becoming very popular in

in 1922.

-Later came the Black Bottom, well known in 1926.

-Then in 1927, the Lindy Hop became the favorite dance. The Lindy Hop eventually evolved into Swing dance.

Speakeasies

Speakeasies were places where people could go, not only to drink during prohibition, but to listen to jazz. Many jazz artists such as Duke Ellington performed in these speakeasies.

History of Jazz

Jazz was a mixing of cultures and emotions, but was not created at any specific time or date. The 1920s was the time period in which jazz reached new heights in popularity and appreciation. Due to the closing of the seaport in New Orleans, musicians were forced to travel up the Mississippi to find work. Two of the cities most affected by this move were Chicago and New York. Chicago was home primarily for New Orleans traditional music during the 1920's.

Nightclubs and Ballrooms

More Movies

-Many African Americans frequently went to nightclubs to enjoy parties and the popular jazz music.

-The biggest nightclub was "The Cotton Club".

-The biggest ballroom was "The Savoy Ballroom".

The Apollo Theater

The Mark of Zorro

•1920

•“In old Spanish California, the oppressive colonial government is opposed by Zorro, masked champion of the people, who appears out of nowhere with flashing sword and an athletic sense of humor, scarring the faces of evildoers with his Mark. Meanwhile, beautiful Lolita is courted by villainous Captain Ramon, rich but effete Don Diego... and dashing Zorro, who is never seen at the same time as Don Diego. As Zorro continues to evade pursuit, Ramon puts the damsel in distress...”

•Starring: Marguerite De La Motte, Robert McKim, and Noah Beery

•Directed by: Theodore Reed and Fred Niblo

-Carl Van Vechten threw huge parties and invited all races to "break down the color bar". These created opportunities for many African Americans, such as Langston Hughes, who attended these parties and became a famous writer within the 1920s.

-Considered itself "the place where stars are born and legends are made".

"The New Negro Movement"

-Originally a theater where African Americans were not allowed.

-Constructed on 125th Street in Harlem, New York.

Robin Hood

•1922

•“Amid big-budget medieval pageantry, King Richard goes on the Crusades leaving his brother Prince John as regent, who promptly emerges as a cruel, grasping, treacherous tyrant. Apprised of England's peril by message from his lady-love Marian, the dashing Earl of Huntingdon endangers his life and honor by returning to oppose John, but finds himself and his friends outlawed, and Marian apparently dead. Enter Robin Hood, acrobatic champion of the oppressed, laboring to set things right through swash buckling feats and cliffhanging perils!”

•Starring: Wallace Beery, Sam De Grasse, and Enid Bennett

•Directed by: Allan Dwan

-Became a place to celebrate African American culture and performers.

-Some of the performers were: Ella Fitzgerald, Ralph Cooper, and Sr. Benny Carter.

-Later helped stars like Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder and James Brown start their performance careers.

Even though the African Americans were escaping poverty and persecution, when they arrived to Harlem, they still experienced the hardship of no money, but were also overwhelmed with new talents that emerged in the city.

-Also originally featured burlesque until the mayor did not like it and African Americans started to perform and spread the new celebration of black culture.

Famous Movies

- Writers, poets, actors, playwrights, musicians, and artists all came together in the heart of the Harlem Renaissance

-It was said that they "held up black culture and accomplishment as worthy of admiration".

-They frequently listened to jazz (most popular music of the day).

-Soon enough, whites were becoming interested in black music, poetry, and art work, but segregation was still present

-New culture was introduced to whites, causing appreciation and celebration of black culture, spreading across the world.

-Cultural renewal among African Americans was found.

The Great Migration

The Jazz Singer

•1927

•“The son of a Jewish Cantor must defy his father in order to pursue his dream of becoming a jazz singer.”

•Starring: Al Jolson, May McAvoy, and Warner Oland

•Directed by: Alan Crosland and Gordon Hollingshead

Wings

•1927

•“Two young men, one rich, one middle class, who are in love with the same woman, become fighter pilots in World War I.”

•Starring: Clara Bow, Charles Rogers, and Richard Arlen

•Directed by: William A. Wellman

Flesh and the Devil

•1927

•“Childhood friends are torn apart when one of them marries the woman the other once fiercely loved.”

•Starring: John Gilbert, Greta Garbo, and Lars Hanson

•Directed by: Clarence Brown

The Kid

•1921

•“The Tramp cares for an abandoned child, but events put that relationship in jeopardy.”

•Starring: Carl Miller, Edna Purviance, and Jackie Coogan

•Directed by: Charlie Chaplin

Celebrities of the 1920s

More Pictures!

Animation and Color

Oliver

-More than a million African Americans fled the South because of poverty and persecution,and instead, looked for a better life in the North.

-Many had suffered brutal violence from the Jim Crow Laws.

-Freed slaves looked for jobs and opportunities in the North. Most found jobs within factories.

-They brought their own culture with them, which changed the North's way of life.

-Literature and jazz both grew to a climax.

-Harlem, New York had acquired almost 200,000 African Americans.

-Was said to have "SHAPED THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE".

Armstrong

Disney was most famous for animation during this time period, and “Steamboat Willie” started its path to fame.

Technicolor was the major color film process, starting in 1922. It gave an alternate option to movie producers who were bored of black and white.

Writers-

Zora Neale Hurston

Langston Hughes

Arna Bontemps

Claude McKay

Carl Van Vechten

Lewis

Goodman

Studios

The Harlem Renaissance

Artists -

Aaron Douglas

A.J. Motley

Pictures

Movie studios were in the prime of their business. “The Big Five” was Warner Bros., Paramount Pictures, RKO, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Fox Film Corporation/Foundation.

“The Little Three” was Universal, United Artists, and Columbia.

Musicians-

Meade Lux Lewis

Louis Armstrong

Joe Oliver

Michael Jackson

1920s films

Influential Jazz Artists

The most famous actors within the decade were Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, and Greta Garbo.

Movies were more popular than ever due to the new advances in audio and color, but they also were used as a distraction. Films produced within the 1920s were almost always happy and comical, in order to divert attention away from the harsh memories of World War I.

The Harlem Renaissance was an explosion of cultural, social, artistic, and racial growth in Harlem, New York during the 1920's. Many African Americans traveled to Harlem in aspirations to become professional actors, musicians, artists, writers, and even scholars. Most of these people came from the South, and they were searching for freedom and opportunity in the North. The Harlem Renaissance gave birth to numerous celebrities, including Michael Jackson and Duke Ellington. Racial integration was also an important factor; blacks and whites came together to enjoy good times, danced to jazz, and attending speakeasies. Possibly the most important impact that resulted from the Renaissance is the racial pride that African Americans gained to help them persevere through hard times to come.

  • Joe Oliver (1885-1938) The "King" played the cornet and was one of the most important pure jazz musicians. He is mostly known for his time spent with his Creole Jazz Band.
  • Louis Armstrong (1901-1971) Armstrong is known as the"father" of the jazz trumpet. He was responsible for making the trumpet popular in jazz. He is also considered to be the first serious soloist in jazz. It is thought that Armstrong's time in a reformatory gave him the social "tools" necessary to survive and also gave him his rough ragtime trumpet sound.
  • Benny Goodman-- (1909-1986) Known as the "King of Swing", Goodman played the clarinet.
  • Meade Lux Lewis (1905-1964) Lewis was one of the leading boogie-woogie pianists. He was the third member of one of the biggest jazz boogie-woogie trios in history.
  • Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) Whiteman is credited for introducing more people to jazz during the 1920's than any other person. He originally played violin, but ended up being a bandleader full time.

Silent - Talkies

All the movies made before 1927 were silent films, but that year, “The Jazz Singer” made its debut. Starring Al Jolson, this moving picture became the first with sound. Films with audio became known as “talkies”.

Types of Jazz

  • Boogie-Woogie- A type of jazz that made the outbreak of dancing so popular. It included music of piano, guitar, big band, country and western, and even gospel.
  • Chicago Jazz- A style of jazz that tended to be very aggressive and usually ended abruptly.
  • Urban Blues- This was played primarily in an area known as the "bucket of blood." This referred to an area along the South Side of Chicago. The clubs there were known to hire the "who's who" of blues musicians.

Mooore Movies

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

•1923

•“In fifteenth century Paris, the brother of the archdeacon plots with the gypsy king to foment a peasant revolt. Meanwhile, a freakish hunchback falls in love with the gypsy queen.”

•Starring: Lon Chaney, Patsy Ruth Miller, and Norman Kerry

•Directed by: Wallace Worsley

Steamboat Willie

•1928

•“Mickey Mouse, piloting a steamboat, delights his passenger, Minnie, by making musical instruments out of the menagerie on deck.”

•Starring: Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, and the Parrot (voice not credited)

•Directed by: Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks

The Phantom of the Opera

•1925

•“A mad, disfigured composer seeks love with a lovely young opera singer.”

•Starring: Lon Chaney, Mary Philbin, and Norman Kerry

•Directed by: Rupert Julian, Edward Sedgwick, Ernst Laemmle, Lon Chaney Sr.

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