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-Many African Americans frequently went to nightclubs to enjoy parties and the popular jazz music.
-The biggest nightclub was "The Cotton Club".
-The biggest ballroom was "The Savoy Ballroom".
-Carl Van Vechten threw huge parties and invited all races to "break down the color bar". These created opportunities for many African Americans, such as Langston Hughes, who attended these parties and became a famous writer within the 1920s.
-Considered itself "the place where stars are born and legends are made".
-Originally a theater where African Americans were not allowed.
-Constructed on 125th Street in Harlem, New York.
Robin Hood
•1922
•“Amid big-budget medieval pageantry, King Richard goes on the Crusades leaving his brother Prince John as regent, who promptly emerges as a cruel, grasping, treacherous tyrant. Apprised of England's peril by message from his lady-love Marian, the dashing Earl of Huntingdon endangers his life and honor by returning to oppose John, but finds himself and his friends outlawed, and Marian apparently dead. Enter Robin Hood, acrobatic champion of the oppressed, laboring to set things right through swash buckling feats and cliffhanging perils!”
•Starring: Wallace Beery, Sam De Grasse, and Enid Bennett
•Directed by: Allan Dwan
-Became a place to celebrate African American culture and performers.
-Some of the performers were: Ella Fitzgerald, Ralph Cooper, and Sr. Benny Carter.
-Later helped stars like Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder and James Brown start their performance careers.
Even though the African Americans were escaping poverty and persecution, when they arrived to Harlem, they still experienced the hardship of no money, but were also overwhelmed with new talents that emerged in the city.
-Also originally featured burlesque until the mayor did not like it and African Americans started to perform and spread the new celebration of black culture.
- Writers, poets, actors, playwrights, musicians, and artists all came together in the heart of the Harlem Renaissance
-It was said that they "held up black culture and accomplishment as worthy of admiration".
-They frequently listened to jazz (most popular music of the day).
-Soon enough, whites were becoming interested in black music, poetry, and art work, but segregation was still present
-New culture was introduced to whites, causing appreciation and celebration of black culture, spreading across the world.
-Cultural renewal among African Americans was found.
The Jazz Singer
•1927
•“The son of a Jewish Cantor must defy his father in order to pursue his dream of becoming a jazz singer.”
•Starring: Al Jolson, May McAvoy, and Warner Oland
•Directed by: Alan Crosland and Gordon Hollingshead
Wings
•1927
•“Two young men, one rich, one middle class, who are in love with the same woman, become fighter pilots in World War I.”
•Starring: Clara Bow, Charles Rogers, and Richard Arlen
•Directed by: William A. Wellman
Flesh and the Devil
•1927
•“Childhood friends are torn apart when one of them marries the woman the other once fiercely loved.”
•Starring: John Gilbert, Greta Garbo, and Lars Hanson
•Directed by: Clarence Brown
The Kid
•1921
•“The Tramp cares for an abandoned child, but events put that relationship in jeopardy.”
•Starring: Carl Miller, Edna Purviance, and Jackie Coogan
•Directed by: Charlie Chaplin
-More than a million African Americans fled the South because of poverty and persecution,and instead, looked for a better life in the North.
-Many had suffered brutal violence from the Jim Crow Laws.
-Freed slaves looked for jobs and opportunities in the North. Most found jobs within factories.
-They brought their own culture with them, which changed the North's way of life.
-Literature and jazz both grew to a climax.
-Harlem, New York had acquired almost 200,000 African Americans.
-Was said to have "SHAPED THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE".
The Harlem Renaissance was an explosion of cultural, social, artistic, and racial growth in Harlem, New York during the 1920's. Many African Americans traveled to Harlem in aspirations to become professional actors, musicians, artists, writers, and even scholars. Most of these people came from the South, and they were searching for freedom and opportunity in the North. The Harlem Renaissance gave birth to numerous celebrities, including Michael Jackson and Duke Ellington. Racial integration was also an important factor; blacks and whites came together to enjoy good times, danced to jazz, and attending speakeasies. Possibly the most important impact that resulted from the Renaissance is the racial pride that African Americans gained to help them persevere through hard times to come.
All the movies made before 1927 were silent films, but that year, “The Jazz Singer” made its debut. Starring Al Jolson, this moving picture became the first with sound. Films with audio became known as “talkies”.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
•1923
•“In fifteenth century Paris, the brother of the archdeacon plots with the gypsy king to foment a peasant revolt. Meanwhile, a freakish hunchback falls in love with the gypsy queen.”
•Starring: Lon Chaney, Patsy Ruth Miller, and Norman Kerry
•Directed by: Wallace Worsley
Steamboat Willie
•1928
•“Mickey Mouse, piloting a steamboat, delights his passenger, Minnie, by making musical instruments out of the menagerie on deck.”
•Starring: Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, and the Parrot (voice not credited)
•Directed by: Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks
The Phantom of the Opera
•1925
•“A mad, disfigured composer seeks love with a lovely young opera singer.”
•Starring: Lon Chaney, Mary Philbin, and Norman Kerry
•Directed by: Rupert Julian, Edward Sedgwick, Ernst Laemmle, Lon Chaney Sr.