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The battle of Celaya

It was a decisive point that changes the course of the reformative movement; the battle was begun in April 6 of 1915 and was ended in April 15 of this same year.

The revolution had been started five years ago in 1910, when Madero a young man of a wealthy family in the northern state of Coahuila and a Mexican visionary had the idea of change his country. Mexico was under the mandatory of the dictator Porfirio Diaz, a ruler that has the authority of Mexico since thirty years ago.

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Victoriano Huerta, a general that Madero order to finish with Zapata betrayed Madero on the Mexico City, this event was called the decena tragic. Victoriano Huerta kills Madero and the revolution start again.

Venustiano Carranza was named by the commandant of the revolutionary forces and the other military heads don’t accord with that. Francisco Villa with Emiliano Zapata pact an against the constitutionalist forces of Venustiano Carranza and Albaro Obregon, a general of Venustiano Carranza.

The two forces fight by the control of the country, Francisco Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the state of Morelos.

Francisco Villa took the cities of Guadalajara, Monterrey, and other cities of the north, Emiliano Zapata was in the Morelos state in a defensive position, this is a fact that determine that the pact of Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata never be in a cooperative mode with this two leaderships.

Obregon had serious political differences with Carranza, but realized that neither Villa nor Zapata, the only leaders with the national following and political ideology to offer a possible alternative to Carranza, were competent to govern the republic. Because neither would disband his army, any Conventionist president would be their puppet. And when their tentative alliance inevitably collapsed, chaos would surely follow. Obregon

decided he had to defeat Villa and Zapata, and support Carranza for a presidential term, but would build his own support network and succeed him in the presidential chair.

Obregon occupied the city of Celaya near to Irapuato where Villa was concentrating his forces. Celaya was, Obregon noted, a good defensive position.

The forces of Francisco Villa on Irapuato was of 22, 000 thousand of men, the general Alvaro Obregon forces was made of 11,000 men.

General Angeles had urged Villa to harass Obregon's advance and then retreat northward, thereby shortening his own lines of supply and communications while stretching his enemy's, which Zapata could then cut. It was sound advice, but Villa believed himself a prisoner of his reputation. He always attacked and always won

The battle of Celaya was one of the most important battles in the Mexican revolution.

This was the first part of the battle of Celaya.

The next day the Francisco Villa forces like the Obregon Forces received reinforcements and were ready for a next battle.

On April 13, villa attacked again the forces of Obregon that were on the same city.

Villa had not learned from his mistakes. He again sent in wave after wave of cavalry. He attempted to soften up Obregon’s line with artillery, but most of the shells missed Obregon’s soldiers and trenches and fell into nearby Celaya. Once again, Obregon’s machine guns and riflemen cut Villa's cavalry to pieces.

They managed to make part of Obregon’s line retreat, but could not hold it. The fighting continued on the 14th, until the evening when a heavy rain made Villa pulls his forces back.

Villa was still deciding how to proceed on the morning of the 15th when Obregon counterattacked. He had once again kept his cavalry in reserve, and he turned them loose as dawn broke. The Division of the North, low on ammunition and exhausted after two straight days of fighting, crumbled. Villa's men scattered, leaving behind weapons, ammunition and supplies. The battle of Celaya was officially a huge win for Obregon.

The battle of Celaya was the first event to the decadence of Francisco Villa and his division of north.

It proves that the division of the north was not invincible and that Francisco Villa not was a master lord of the war neither the most strategist leader.

With this lose, Villa were forced to back to Sonora and never were so powerful on the remain time of the revolution and never control a huge areas like they do in the past.

By defeating Villa, Obregon accomplished two things at once: he removed a powerful, charismatic rival and increased his own prestige enormously. Oregon found his path to the Presidency of Mexico much clearer. Zapata was assassinated in 1919 on orders from Carranza, who was in turn assassinated by those loyal to Oregon in 1920. Oregon reached the presidency in 1920 based on the fact that he was the last one still standing, and it all started with his 1915 rout of Villa at Celaya.

by: Daniel Alvidrez Bermudez

Francisco Villa took the cities of Guadalajara, Monterrey, and other cities of the north, Emiliano Zapata was in the Morelos state in a defensive position, this is a fact that determine that the pact of Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata never be in a cooperative mode with this two leaderships.

Obregon had serious political differences with Carranza, but realized that neither Villa nor Zapata, the only leaders with the national following and political ideology to offer a possible alternative to Carranza, were competent to govern the republic. Because neither would disband his army, any Conventionist president would be their puppet. And when their tentative alliance inevitably collapsed, chaos would surely follow. Obregon

decided he had to defeat Villa and Zapata, and support Carranza for a presidential term, but would build his own support network and succeed him in the presidential chair.

The battle of Celaya was one of the most important battles in the Mexican revolution.

Obregon made the first move, order to a half of his forces to a ranch closest to Irapuato that was the Guaje ranch. This was a mistake because the forces of Francisco Villa already was there he was forced to pull back his forces suffered serious loses.

Obregon was able to turn his mistake into a brilliant strategic move. He ordered his men to fall back to behind the machine guns. Villa, sensing the chance to crush Obregon, sent his cavalry in pursuit. The horses became caught in the barbed wire and were cut to pieces by machine guns and riflemen.

Late in the day, the Villistas began running low on ammunition and Obregón, sensing this, sent his own cavalry against Villa. Villa had kept no forces in reserve and his army was routed: the mighty Division of the North retreated to Irapuato to lick its wounds. Villa had lost some 2,000 men in two days, most of them valuable cavalrymen.

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