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Tracking Shot

In a tracking shot, the camera moves in on the subject.

The camera actually moves forward, rather than just stay there and zoom in.

Camera is mounted on a camera dolly, which is a wheeled platform.

Physically moves along with or towards the subject.

The above video is an example a tracking shot because the camera is physically moving rather than just zooming in... Sorry for the bad quality, I couldn't find a better video.

Ken Burns effect

Horizontal Panning Shot

Still image/photograph that is given action by zooming in or out of the subject(s). Or by panning horizontally, diagonally, vertically to the subject.

Can also be used a transition between clips.

The panning & zooming gives a sense of motion and keeps the audience interested.

^This video is an example of the Ken Burns effect in use, because the photographs are not moving, but there is still motion in the video because it's zoomed in on the photo.

Just as in a tilt shot, a horizontal panning shot basically just pans the camera. However, unlike a tilt shot, it is not panned up and down. In a panning shot, you can also pan the camera horizontally.

Typically used to give a panoramic effect and/or to follow a subject's movement.

Swivel Panning Shot

The scene above includes a lot of horizontal panning. See if you can spot it!

(The Lion King)

Camera is swiveled around in a circle or half a circle, to get a full view of the scene.

Visually engaging for audience.

Aerial Shot

<---Since this shot was taken from above, it is considered an aerial shot.

(The Hunger Games)

In this shot, you can see that the room is circular, so in this particular video, the camera was moved around in a circle. This is why this shot was considered a 360-degree panning shot.

(One Direction's "Story Of My Life" music video)

~shot taken from a plane, helicopter, or person on top of a building

~not necessarily a moving shot

~often used in action movies

Dutch Angle

To the left is an example of a Dutch Angle. We can recognize this as a Dutch Angle because nothing is right side up and the shot is slanted.

(Thor)

~ camera is deliberately tilted or slanted to one side

~ lopsided

~ used to give dreamlike, frantic, or sometimes disoriented feel to a shot

~ nothing is right side up

Medium Close-Up

Tilt shot

Rule of Thirds

In a MCU, the you don't get a whole impression of the subject(s), meaning that the whole body of the person or the full view of the object isn't shown but you can still get an impression nonetheless.

Subject(s) = tightly framed

You can't see much else in the scene besides the subject(s).

Used very often.

The scene above is an example of a close-up shot. You can't see that much except for what the audience is meant to focus on.

(One Direction: This Is Us)

~guideline

~mentally split the shot into 9 squares, and always have the subject off-centered

~never have the entire subject in the center square because then it will look uninteresting and dull. This is following the Rule of Thirds

~the subject would be overlapping one of the points where the lines intersect

~balance in the shot can be achieved by having a secondary object/subject at the opposing intersection

The video below is an example of a tilt shot because it moves from down to up.

Above is an example of a shot that follows the Rule of Thirds. As you can see, the subject is not centered and is overlapping with one of the points where the lines intersect.

~ camera is panned up an down, rather than left and right.

~ helps you pay more attention to the main person or object in the scene.

Extreme Close Up

A close up that is EXTREMELY zoomed in.

Usually focuses on just one feature.

Shows lots of detail.

Above is an example of an ECU. As you can see, it focuses on just one feature of the subject. In this case, it is the subject's eyes.

(Harry Potter & the Half-Blood Prince)

Mirror Shot

Over-the-Shoulder

This is a shot in which the subject is in front of a reflective object, such as a mirror, yet the camera's reflection doesn't show up. This is made possible by angling the camera so that it won't be seen in the mirror.

This is a shot of someone or something that is taken from the perspective or camera angle from just behind the shoulder of another person.

The shots to the right are examples of Mirror Shots, because, obviously, the subject's reflection is shown- countless times, in the case of this shot- but the camera is not.

(Divergent)

OTS shots are very useful, because they give the audience a feeling of involvement, as if you are right there along with the actors/characters.

The person whose shoulder you are looking over in the shot is usually out of focus so you would pay more attention to other people or objects in the scene.

^This is an example of an OTS shot. It makes the scene look as if you are witnessing the event right there.

(Mean Girls)

Helps you pay more attention to dialogue & facial expressions.

Cinematography Techniques

by Zarin Farook

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