FINAL

HVAC

BLOCK A

345 Rivonia Rd HVAC

A

Engagement

Long-lasting

Knowledge sharing

Lessons learnt

Behaviour change

Feed forward RTC

Dashboarding

Advanced blower

technology

Virtual works

High efficiency

aerators / FDBA

business

innovate

financial

Scotland

customer

value

assets

skills

people

Grow

GROWING our asset efficiency.

GROWING the skills of our people.

GROWING our energy awareness.

collaborate

CID

Networks

Business Support

Energy Champions

Process Science

PFI

ICAT

Solutions

H&S

Customers

Shared services

Contractors

CMC

reputation

Preliminary Energy Use Analysis

• "Benchmark"
• Total End Use Intensity
• Total energy per gross area (kBTU/sf or kJ/m²)
• Compare to known sources or your own building stock

Level 1 : Walk-through

• Schedule Hot Water Pumps
• Schedule AHU's
• Sequence HHW valve, economizer and CHW valve
• Install dead-band thermostats
• SAT reset
• SP reset
• Occupancy controlled zones
• Rough Costs and Savings
• Identify Capital Projects
• Is there potential here?

Level 2: Detailed Energy Survey & Analysis

Level 3 : Detailed Survey & Analysis

• Additional Measurements
• Hourly Simulation
• Life-cycle Cost Analysis
• Detailed Specs

ENERGY AUDIT LEVELS

MARX|OKUBO

ENERGY RELATE SERVICES

In fact, a lot of skills and experience are needed

to ensure that recommendations are cost effective,

technically feasible, and result in significant

energy savings.

Retro-Commissioning

• Emphasis on controls savings
• Extensive data logging
• Resolving operational faults
• Low-cost opportunities

Need to maintain:

• Safety / IAQ
• Comfort
• Reliability

Energy Audits are like Photography

• Everybody thinks they can do it
• Tools are cheap and available
• Producing a product is easy
• But results may vary...

What Level of Potential Savings

Can Screening Surveys Help Uncover?

Where the Savings Come From

Project Commissioning

& Installation

THE GOAL?

2nd Step, the planner takes action.

1st Step, identifying a problem or opportunity and planning to do something about it.

Determine what to do next.

Results are measured.

Factors contributing to Off Design performance

Chillers

Cooled Space

• Improper operations
• Under/over loading
• Poor maintenance

• Poor HVAC disciple
• Colder is better
• Occupancy changes

Off Design Performance Index (ODPI)

• 10 parameters considered
• Weight age given based on criticality
• Parameters monitored at similar load conditions
• Analysis of deviation using trend graph
• Gives whole system health/snapshot

Operational Parameters for Off Design

Performance Assessment

Piping & Pumps

• Cooling tower Efficiency
• Blow down rate
• Water hardness levels

Industry Standards for

Performance Testing

AHRI 550/590

- Standard for Water Chilling Packages Using the Vapor Compression Cycle

- Gives Chiller and system rated values

- Provides methodology for testing

Practical considerations

- Complex measurements

- Constant load specified

- Difficult during building operations

• System leakages
• Poor water hygiene
• Low load operations

• Pressure differential
• Motor load

AHU/Ducting

Cooling Tower

• Primary/Secondary Pump loads
• Pressure drop across CW line

• Pressure drop across condenser
• Pressure drop across evaporator
• IKW of chiller

• Poor water quality
• Improper sequencing
• Delayed maintenance

• System unbalance
• Temp setting with AHU
• System maintenance

Closing the gap

O&M Initiatives

Design Stage initiatives

Case Study

• Keep operator skill levels in mind when designing
• Factor in operating envelope change
• Provision for ease of maintenance

The Way Forward

• System commissioning to generate base line signatures
• Operations as per OEM/design guidelines
• Effective maintenance management to limit deterioration of assets
• Performance monitoring, not just "logging"
• Whole system assessment
• Staff training
• Engage professional maintenance agencies

Building Information

- Standalone , commercial building

- Multi tenanted

- Modern design, <5 years construction

- Mid Size (350K - 500K Sq Ft)

- 1700 TR cooling capacity

- Water cooled, Screw chillers

- ECBC Climate Zone - Composite

Collaboration

System improvements

Consultants

Operators

Designers

Contractors

Data Analysis

Inference

Data Collation

• ODPI varies from Design values - Indicative of system degradation
• Changes in ODPI reflect on whole system performance
• Deviations from base line indicate system deficiency
• One system may be working fine but overall system performance drop observed

Develop Standards

O&M Initiatives

• Current standards address Component level performance
• Need for Whole System performance criteria

- Better operations

- Faster deviation identification

- Informed decision making by higher management

• Trade bodies can develop standards (ISHRAE, BEE etc)
• Involvement of all stakeholder essentials

• Development of whole system trained staff
• Increase awareness of whole system performance
• Leverage Technology to capture system performance (BMS)

BUILDING HVAC SYSTEMS

- DESIGN vs

OPERATIONS PERFORMANCE

HVAC System Design

Design is a complex task

Many variables, many constraints

Changes in Layout/Occupancy

Increased Operating load

Design Load

Maintenance

mgt & team

Aneesh Kadyan

Director - Operations

Asset Services

CBRE South Asia Pvt Ltd

Praveen Sharma

GM - Operations

Asset Services

CBRE South Asia Pvt Ltd

Thank You

345 Rivonia Rd

Sandton

South Africa

Size

A & B - Block

B

A

Commercial Multi-Tenant

3 x Floors above ground

2 x Under ground parking

1 x Visitor open parking

Energy Lighting

• DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface)

• Two-way communication system that connects digital technology to lighting

The Need for Innovation

Rabie Property Developers

Chevron South Africa

Electricity Sub-Metering

Louis Karol Architects

Well- renowned property developers in SA

International Multi-Disciplinary Oil and mineral company

Well known Architects in Cape Town

• Provides users with data used to implement building programs to lower usage and cost
• Monitoring of usage of equipment that uses large amounts of energy.

Stefanutti Stocks - Contractor

Turner and Townsend - Project Managers

One of Africa's largest Contractors

International Project Managers and Cost consultants

• To be incident and injury free through stringent H&S Management.
• To provide an efficient , functional and pleasant working environment.
• To achieve a Five Star SA Green Star rating through sustainable and innovative design.
• All documentation needed to meet the highest quality
• Changing the "image" of Chevron.
• Location- Innovative Century City Precinct

Chevron Project Core Building

Indoor Environmental Quality

Performance Aspects: Innovative Features of the Building

Transport

Water Management

Waste Management

• Aims to improve the indoor experience and quality of the environment
• Use of Volatile Organic Compounds
• External Views
• Daylight inflow
• Specialized blinds
• Reduction of noise
• Fresh air occupant intake

• Reduces car Travel - alternative transport
• Reduction in car parking allowances to encourage use of public transport, cycling and car pooling
• Implementation of fuel efficient transport
• Cyclist facilitates are provided
• Easy access to MyCiti buses, mini bus taxi's, train service, Golden Arrow buses and Century City Internal Service

• Reduction of of construction waste being sent to landfill and dumping sites
• Aerobatic digester used for organic used for organic waste from the kitchen to generate gas to heat
• Recycling storage room
• 70% of the construction waste was recycled or reused for site purposes

Main focuses:-recycling water systems

- reduction of consumption

Landscaping-No portable water used

- Irrigation water comes from Portsdam Water Treatment Facility

-They provide CPT with 50Ml/day of waste water treatment

Water fittings- Dual Flush Toilets

- Aerator Taps

Air Cooled HVAC system- saves water and provides good thermal comfort

Rain Water Harvest - Water collected on roof top and stored in water tank

- Water is refined for consumption and sanitary purposes

- Unused water is sold to Virgin Active Gym to avoid stagnant water waste

• Water and Waste Management
• Transport
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Energy- Lighting
• Electricity- Sub metering
• Electrical system
• HVAC system
• Construction Materials and Strategies

Century City

Barriers to Implementation of Innovation

Description of Project

Availability of Technology

• New Head Office for Chevron SA
• Located in Century City
• Construction area of 19 600m2
• Prime location - Central

• Sourcing of materials and equipment comes at a cost and a risk

Attitude Changes

• Clients must e able to see long term benefits of using innovative materials and technology
• Very conservative or traditional members of the project team

Time Availability

• Additional time needed to accomodate contractor and sub-contractors who are unfamiliar with using advanced technologt and materials

Decision Making

Financial Barriers

- Perceived high Capital Costs

• Clients are often risk averse when it comes to improved technology
• Resistance to using newer Structural Materials

Factors Aiding in Implementation of Innovation

Impact of Innovation on sustainable Construction

• Lower building and operational costs
• Increased productivity and health of occupants
• Higher market value of the building

• Reduction of consumption of natural resources and energy
• Encouraging the reuse and recycling of materials
• Indoor environmental quality

REFLECTION OF LITERATURE

Lessons Learnt from Case Study

Conclusion

Proposals of innovation for future use

• Innovative project - Yes!
• Innovation in a project gives a competitive edge
• Even with barriers, innovation can be achieved

• Great need for higher levels of performance and innovation in the construction industry
• Leadership,cultures, communication, design, procurement and auditing processes are critical in the driving of innovation of a project

• Dulaim (2005)- innovation is the generation, development and implementation of ideas that are new to an organisation and that has practical and commercial benefits
• Seaden (2003)- Innovative processes are used to increase the efficiency of a building
• Sexten and Barrett (2003)- for innovtive building new ideas should be followed
• Winch(2000)- Implementation of innovation can be a struggle in well structured organisations
• Veshosky (1998):

-Assigning responsibility for managing innovation information to a specific individual or

group;

-Maintaining a file or database of innovation information;

-Conducting internal technical seminars;

-Producing internal technical reports;

-Providing library capabilities including electronic information services;

-Encouraging project managers and engineers to interact with windows to external; and

-Encouraging project managers and engineers to participate in professional activities

• Ivory (2005) -the client is pivotal in the promotion of innovation on aconstruction project

• Use of BIM
• Innovative Procurement
• Facilties Management improvement

The Electrical System

Construction Materials

Levels of Performance

HVAC

Construction Strategies and Procurement

• Step in Generator during power outages

• Concrete- 40% less used in construction
• Steel- Reinforcement is recycled
• Structural design- Post tension Technology
• Excavation- Reuse of Asphalt and road sub layer.

• Time- Extension given to contractor
• Quality- Green Star certification and international company recognition
• Cost - High quality, high cost

• Heating and cooling system - provide comfortable cooling for occupants
• Economic cycle technology -determine quantity of fresh air needed
• Recycles cooled air to reduce the energy used to cool the air

• Entrepreneurship and local Sourcing
• Refit considerations-For future use
• Innovative target and monitoring- Facilities Management system