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H. Pylori- Deadly Pathogen or Essential Microbiota?
Transcript
H. pylori- Deadly Pathogen or Essential Microbiota?
General Overview: What is H. pylori
- Marshall and Warren (1984)
Where did it come from?
Who discovered it?
- Colonized humans for the past 58,000 years
- About 4.6 billion people carry H. pylori
- Acidic locations such as the stomach.
- Stomach pH usually ranges from 1.5-3.5
- Urease and gene expression allow this microorganism to live in such extreme conditions when others could not.
Where can H. pylori be found?
Why can H. pylori thrive while other bacteria cannot?
- Peristalsis (stomach muscle contractions)
- Nutrient availability/Competition among other microbes.
Questions?
Why is this important?
- Little is known regarding the microbiota of the human stomach since there are so many diverse organisms that inhabit the stomach.
- To this day, discoveries are still being made.
- Relative to Deinococcus radiodurans- "Conan the Bacterium"
Further Studies
- Effects of socialization and sanitation on H. pylori colonization in children and infants.
- What other allergens and ailments are a result of being cagA+ negative (acagia)?
- Further identification of microorganisms of the stomach and their impact on the overall flora as well as the human host.
- What else lives there?
- "Conan the Bacterium"
- Further studies would confirm if it actually lives in the stomach or if it was passing through the stomach.
Pathogen or Essential Flora?
- Conclusion?
- After doing biopsies of precancerous and cancerous tissues from the stomach, H. pylori was not present.
- Andre Dubois (1995)
Semino-Mora et al. 2003
- Intracellular and interstitial expression of helicobacter pylori virulence genes in gastric precancerous intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma
- H. pylori
- cagA+ Positive (common strain)
- cagA+ Negative Acagia
- Protection of esophageal tissues
- Children can be less likely to have allergies (if they are not acagia)
- Aids in the recruitment of T-cells
"Pro" Essential Flora
HOWEVER
"Pro" Pathogen
- Increased risk for the development of...
- Gastric Atrophy- shrinking and weakening of the stomach muscles
- Hypochlorhydia- production of hydrochloric acid in secretions of the stomach is low or not present
- Adenocarcinoma- cancer that develops in the lining of an organ
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