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Infants spend almost 50% of their time in REM sleep. Adults spend nearly half of sleep time in stage 2, about 20% in REM and the other 30% is divided between the other three stages. Older adults spend progressively less time in REM sleep.
A deep stage of sleep, the brain produces delta waves almost exclusively. In deep sleep, there is no eye movement or muscle activity. This is when some children experience bedwetting, sleepwalking or night terrors.
- a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep.
This is the deepest stage of sleep. breathing becomes more rapid, irregular and shallow, eyes jerk rapidly and limb muscles are temporarily paralyzed. Brain waves during this stage increase to levels experienced when a person is awake. Also, heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, males develop erections and the body loses some of the ability to regulate its temperature. This is also when dreams occur. If awoken during REM sleep, a person can remember the dreams.
Now we reach the deeper stages of sleep where extremely slow brain waves called delta waves are interspersed with smaller, faster waves.
Sigmund Freud(1856-1939) said that dreaming had two functions; to guard sleep and serve as a source for wish fulfillment.
Scientists did not discover REM sleep until 1953 when new machines were developed to monitor brain activity. Before this discovery it was believed that most brain activity ceased during sleep. Since then, scientists have also disproved the idea that deprivation of REM sleep can lead to insanity and have found that lack of REM sleep can alleviate clinical depression.
Still considered a light sleep where eye movement stops and brain waves become slower with only an occasional burst of rapid brain waves.
Stage 1 is light sleep where you drift in and out of sleep and can be awakened easily. In this stage, the eyes move slowly and muscle activity slows. Many people experience sudden muscle contractions and/or sensation of falling.
Usually sleepers pass through five stages: 1, 2, 3, 4 and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These stages progress cyclically from 1 through REM then begin again with stage 1. A complete sleep cycle takes an average of 90 to 110 minutes.