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REM Cont.

Infants spend almost 50% of their time in REM sleep. Adults spend nearly half of sleep time in stage 2, about 20% in REM and the other 30% is divided between the other three stages. Older adults spend progressively less time in REM sleep.

Stage 4

A deep stage of sleep, the brain produces delta waves almost exclusively. In deep sleep, there is no eye movement or muscle activity. This is when some children experience bedwetting, sleepwalking or night terrors.

Dreams

- a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep.

Stage 3

REM

This is the deepest stage of sleep. breathing becomes more rapid, irregular and shallow, eyes jerk rapidly and limb muscles are temporarily paralyzed. Brain waves during this stage increase to levels experienced when a person is awake. Also, heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, males develop erections and the body loses some of the ability to regulate its temperature. This is also when dreams occur. If awoken during REM sleep, a person can remember the dreams.

Now we reach the deeper stages of sleep where extremely slow brain waves called delta waves are interspersed with smaller, faster waves.

Freud

Dreams We Have

Other Dream Theories

Sigmund Freud(1856-1939) said that dreaming had two functions; to guard sleep and serve as a source for wish fulfillment.

  • 8/10 dreams we have are said to be negative.
  • Common dreams are about failing, being attacked, pursued, rejected, or unlucky.
  • Sexual dreams are sparse. In men 1/10 in women 1/30.
  • Not everyone believes that dreams have a hidden meaning and relate to what happened during the day.
  • Activation- synthesis theory says that dreams result when the sleeping brain tries to make sense of its own spontaneous bursts of energy.

Why We Sleep?

  • Sleep- which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended.
  • We sleep to give our bodies and brain a time to recuperate and repair.

Resources

  • notes
  • http://www.sleepdex.org/deficit.htm
  • www.simplypsychology.org
  • http://www.sleeppassport.com/physical-effects-of-sleep-deprivation.html
  • www.medicinenet.com
  • www.dreammoods.com

More REM

Stage 2

AP Psychology Final Project

-Allison Lynch

Scientists did not discover REM sleep until 1953 when new machines were developed to monitor brain activity. Before this discovery it was believed that most brain activity ceased during sleep. Since then, scientists have also disproved the idea that deprivation of REM sleep can lead to insanity and have found that lack of REM sleep can alleviate clinical depression.

Still considered a light sleep where eye movement stops and brain waves become slower with only an occasional burst of rapid brain waves.

Content Dreaming

  • Manifest content- the dreams story line.
  • Latent content- the supposed meaning of the dream.

Negative Effects Sleep Deprivation

Stage 1

Sleep Deprivation

  • stress
  • high blood pressure
  • diabetes
  • anxiety
  • weight gain
  • anger
  • blurred vision
  • irritability
  • weaker immune system

Sleep Stages

  • Sleep deprivation reduces emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. It affects body weight, the immune system, and more.
  • Sleep deprivation reduces vigilance - the capacity for sustained attention. It also reduces the size and speed of working memory, and some interesting facts about this effect on short-term memory has been uncovered.

Stage 1 is light sleep where you drift in and out of sleep and can be awakened easily. In this stage, the eyes move slowly and muscle activity slows. Many people experience sudden muscle contractions and/or sensation of falling.

Usually sleepers pass through five stages: 1, 2, 3, 4 and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These stages progress cyclically from 1 through REM then begin again with stage 1. A complete sleep cycle takes an average of 90 to 110 minutes.

Truth About Dreams

  • There is no concrete evidence supporting Freud's theory to latent dreaming.
  • Dreams vary by age, gender and culture.
  • Very strong support to how culture affects dreams.
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