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Aluminum conductor (Al)
Once the lithium ions have been transferred from the carbon anode to the lithium-oxide cathode, the aluminum conductor transfers the energy of that reaction to the device it powers.
(Al conductor)
Li atoms lose their +1
charge during the reaction
Lithium Oxide cathode (LiCoO2)
The transfer of the Li-ions to the cathode generates power, until the Li-ions run out.
(cathode)
Once most of the Li ions have developed
a neutral charge (picked up one electron), the battery's on-board computer will turn the battery off and require the user to recharge.
Non-aqueous electrolyte (lithium salts)
A Li-ion battery is composed
of 6 layers. These layers work
together to charge and
discharge the battery.
During discharge, the lithium-ions utilize the electrolyte layer to transfer toward the separator. The separator prevents a flood of Li+ ion transfer, which could cause excessive heat or fire.
(separator)
During a recharge, the entire process is reversed, beginning at the cathode and ending at the anode, with the lithium atoms losing one electron, developing a positive charge.
Micro-perforated separator layer
(non-aqueous electrolyte solution)
Carbon anode (C)
(anode)
Copper conductor (Cu)
A charged Li-ion battery has most of it's Li-ions stored in the anode (the negatively charged end of the battery). When a circuit is created between the aluminum and copper ends of the battery, Li-ions begin to make their way to the positively charged lithium oxide cathode.
(Cu conductor)
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most commonly used power source for portable devices today; most new cell phones and laptops come equipped with a Li-ion battery. Previously, the nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery was the cutting edge battery for portable devices, however the Li-ion battery boasts nearly 2x the energy capacity of the NiCd (3 volt/cell compared to 1.7 volt/cell with NiCd), making it a clear choice for devices such as phones and cars.
The lithium-ion battery is composed
of a series of cells, surrounded by a
sheath of metal, typically aluminum.
A cell is a space in which the chemical
reactions that create power occur.
In a battery, the reactants of a redox reaction are physically separated, and the electrons are transferred through a wire or circuit creating electrical current.
In a rechargeable battery, such as a Li-ion battery, this reaction is reversed when an external source (commonly a wall outlet) provides the electrons to reset the reaction.
*when both half-reactions are combined, the equation is balanced