Asia: Nationalist & Independence Movements

Asia: Nationalist & Independence Movements

Communism

Open Door Policy

~ equal trading rights in China and other countries

China after Mao

Mao's China

Open Door Policy

*After Mao's death, Deng Xiaoping tried to modernize the nation but faced increased pressures for democratic reform

-Mao died in September 1976 at the age of 82

-Deng Xiaoping led a group of practical-minded reformers, they seized power and brought end to Cultural Revolution

Chinese Society

~Policies of Deng Xiaoping

*After Mao's death the state shifted from revolutionary fervor back to family traditions.

-1950's and 1960's Chinese Government made basic changes.

-People had more freedom.

Continued...

The Cold War in Asia

-He called for Four Modernizations new policies in industry, agriculture, technology, and national defense.

~Movement for Democracy

-People complained Deng Xiaoping's program had not achieved a fifth modernization democracy.

-Discontent led to massive demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

-Ordered tanks and troops into the Square to crush the demonstrators.

-One government was Communist and the other was Anti-Communist

-With approval of Joseph Stalin, North Korea invades South Korea on June 25, 1950

-Harry Truman with the United Nations sent US troops to repel invaders.

~The Shifting Power Balance

-1972: Richard Nixon became the first US President to visit Communist China.

*Cold War tensions between China and the US lead to the Korean War in 1950, tensions had eased by the 1970's.

-When war broke out in Korea the Cold War had arrived in Asia.

~The Korean War

-Japan controlled Korea until 1945

-August 1945: The Soviet Union and the US agree to divide Korea.

Plan: Hold elections to reunify Korea

The "Asian Tigers", Australia, and New Zealand

India Divided

*The "Asian Tigers" are successful industrial societies.

-"Asian Tigers" - South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong have imitated Japan in creating successful industrial societies.

*Once it gained independence, British India split into two nations. (India and Pakistan) They have faced problems over population and religious strife.

~The New India

-The Prime Minister had strong ideas about India's future.

~Pakistan

-Unlike India, it was a completely new nation when it attained independence in 1947.

Vocabulary

Cultural Revolution

Communism

* Mao Zedong led the Communist to victory in the Civil War, but the human and economic cost of establishing communism were high.

~Civil War and its Aftermath

-1945: Full-scale Civil War broke out between the Nationalist and the Communist, and many people wanted to join Mao.

-Mao's army defeated the Nationalist in the spring of 1949.

~ advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities & needs

~Open Door Policy

~Communism

~Cultural Revolution

~Asian Tigers

~Mao's attempt to reassert his beliefs in China

~The Great Leap Forward

-Mao began this program in 1958

-Under this program, over 700,000 existing collective farms were combined into 26,000 vast communes. Each contained more than 30,000 people who live/worked together.

-Mao hoped his Great Leap Forward program would enable China to reach final stage of communism

Asian Tigers

(Asian Dragons)

Tiananmen Square

~ reference to highly free and developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, & Taiwan