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Established ELT Methods (approaches, techniques etc.)

Richards &

Rodgers

(2001)

A definition and structure for Postmethod ELT

Would you consider any of these

methods to be "postmethod"?

Why?

Which method do you prefer

to use in the classroom?

Why?

The Lexical Approach

Comptency-based language teaching

Communicative Language Teaching

The Natural Approach

Cooperative Language Learning

Content-Based Instruction

Task-Based Language Teaching

Dogme

Demand High ELT

The Oral Approach

Situaltional Language Teaching

The Audiolingual Method

Total Physical Response

The Silent Way

Community Language Learning

Suggestopedia

Whole Language

Multiple Intelligences

Neurolinguistic Programming

Stephen Burrows

iamstephenburrows@yahoo.co.uk

Which method/s would you never

use in the classroom?

Why?

Workshop Aims:

  • Review the ELT methods we use.
  • Examine the relationship between method and postmethod.
  • Consider how methods control our teaching.

"Post" Movement Quiz Time!

  • Introduce basic classroom discourse analysis.

1

W _ _ _ _ _ _

B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2

1. What defines a "post" movement?

V _ _ _ _ _ _

v _ _ G _ _ _

  • Notice how evaluation and holding knowledge effect classroom equality.

Spot the Teacher - The Finale!

2. How would Postmethod ELT distinguish

itself from ELT method?

Postm _ _ _ _ _

L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Post-

I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3

  • Create a definition for postmethod ELT and an associated structure.

Method as Control

S _ _ _ _

"A method [...] is a set of procedures that carries a prediction of results; the fulfilment of the prediction depends only (or mainly) on an accurate replication of the procedures, not on any perceptions of those who do the replication"

Parbhu (1990)

Post-R _ _ _

"Post" Movement Quiz Time!

1

William

Burroughs

2

Vincent

van Gogh

Postmodern

Literature

Post-

Impressionism

3

Slint

Post-Rock

Post-rock: "using rock instrumentation for non-rock purposes, using guitars as facilitators of timbre and textures rather than riffs and power chords" - Simon Reynolds (1994)

Who is the primary holder of knowledge? The teacher or the students?

To conclude:

Postmethod ELT is...

teaching that is not controlled by a single method.

The teacher's desire to be the "primary knower." - Berry (1981)

It's structure...

"The classroom as coral garden"

- Breen (2001)

Classroom Control

contains follow up moves which expand rather than evaluate. Students and the teacher can initiate exchanges.

“language learning is experienced and created by teachers and learners” Breen (2001)

"In the IRF exchange, the student's response is hemmed in, squeezed between a demand to display knowledge and a judgement on it's competence."

- van Lier (1996)

  • Who is in charge of your classroom?
  • How is this managed?
  • When is classroom control required?

Teacher controlling student production using IRF

“Real talk, usually relegated to the bookends of the lesson proper, had to form the lesson core. And the teacher had to talk – not at the students or even to them – but with them” Thornbury (2000)

Teacher not using evaluative follow-up moves

Teacher is not the primary knower

Spot the Teacher!

Initiation - Response - Follow up

The evaluative usage of phrase such as "Okay", "Good", "Excellent" and "Alright" stops almost any chance of productive development.

It allows the teacher to control the classroom; to keep to the lesson plan; to apply the single method.

Sinclair & Coulthard (1975)

“The teacher is not concerned with closing down a question in order to move on, only with pushing, nudging each student further along the road, from whatever their starting point.”(Scrivener & Underhill, 2012: theguardian.com)

Become an integral element of an organic classroom environment, not a mechanic one.

“the prime responsibility for what is said in the classroom lies with the teacher […] They control turn-taking through the use of IRF; not only do they initiate a response, they offer an evaluation.” (Walsh, 2011: 20)

Rock bands follow Verse - Chorus - Verse

Teachers follow Initiation - Response - Follow up

Spot the Teacher Part 2

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