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Spanish Impact on American Indians

5. In 1680, the British led the American Indians in an attack on a Spanish mission in Georgia; the Spanish missionaries successfully defended their mission from British and Indian attack, but they feared more attacks; over the next few years, Spanish missions and forts along Georgia's coast were abandoned as the Spanish retreated to their forts in Florida

Impact on American Indians (cont.)

6. British raids had pushed Spain out of Georgia; however Spain was not yet ready to give up its claim to the Southeast; the stage was set for future conflicts between Spain and Britain over the Southeast because neither country wanted to lose out on resources and revenue

Impact on American Indians (cont.)

  • Spanish missionaries established missions (churches) near Indian villages, hoping to convert (change religions) American Indians to their Catholic religion
  • many American Indians did not accept the new religion, but some did

American Indians were at a disadvantage against the Spanish conquistadors for the following reasons:

  • they could not defend themselves because they did not have guns
  • Europeans brought diseases with them that American Indians had not built up an immunity against
  • thousands of them died from these diseases; small pox was one of the most devastating to spread through the villages

Impact on American Indians

4. Britain established the city of Charleston in the Carolina colony, and planned to take control of the Spanish territories; so British traders made allies of many of the American Indian tribes in the region; they traded firearms and armed the Indians against the Spanish

Conflict Over the Southeast

  • conquistadors tried to force their control, culture and religion on the American Indians
  • they fought and conquered those who resisted
  • they killed and enslaved many American Indians

Spain Arrives!

1. Spain and Great Britain both wanted control of the southeastern region of North America because they wanted to build profitable trade routes; by the 1500's the Spanish had many settlements from Florida to Georgia, and by the 1600's Great Britain started establishing settlements too

2. As the Europeans battled for territory and profits, they had little regard for the Americans Indians who were already living in the area; they only cared about trading with them, making land deals with them, and getting them to agree to form military alliances with them when they needed to fight

  • Spanish explorers and missionaries entered Georgia early in the 16th century (1500's)
  • Hernando de Soto led 600 soldiers inland from the Gulf of Mexico (he was searching for cities of gold)
  • Spain established their first permanent settlement in North America (St. Augustine, FL)
  • Spanish posts were set up on some barrier islands (St. Catherine's, Cumberland, St. Simons, and Sapelo Islands)

3. By 1663, Britain was ready to challenge Spain for dominance in the Southeast; that same year, Britain claimed a new colony and named it Carolina; this colony overlapped land that Spain had already claimed; colonists there started producing crops and earned a lot of wealth for Britain

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