ABC Book of Physical Science

ABC Book of Physical Science

By Alex Smith P3 5-11-15

I

L

The measure of the upward force a fluid exerts

on an object that is submerged is called BOUYANCY.

This is what makes it possible for a beach ball to

float.

An ATOM is the smallest unit still showing properties

of the element. These particles usually have a charge

of zero, but if not they are called ions.

OXYGEN is a vital element used by many living things

directly and indirectly. Humans and animals breath the gas

to produce carbon dioxide which plants need to survive.

Oxygen is also the eigth element on the periodic table.

M

One unit of HORSEPOWER is equal to 746

watts. Enough power to do over 700

newtons of work.

Water or H2O is a COVALENT BOND

because the atoms are sharing one

or more electrons. Through this bond

oxygen and hydrogen stoms form to

become a molecule.

The KELVIN scale has the same unit

sizes as Celsius, but instead the scale

begins at absolute zero. So that water

freezes at 273K and boils at 373K.

A

A NOTE is one frequency in a musical

scale. The C major scale starts with

the note C then continues with notes D,

E, F, G, A, B, and ends at C.

E

In America, people often use the FAHRENHEIT temperature scale.

On this scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees.

A JOINT, when referring to a rock,

is one of the parallel or

intersecting fractures. These form

in solid rock that has exceeded its

brittle strength.

Particles called ELECTRONS can be found orbiting

around the nucleus of an atom. They carry

negative charges the cancel out protons' positive

charge.

D

G

H

GOLD is an element from the periotic table. It

is represented by the symbol Au and has an

atomic number of 79.

C

Copper's ability to bend is due to its

DUCTILITY. Steel also has a very high

ductility. Both can be bent, rolled, and

pulled without breaking.

Wood, plastic, and Styrofoam

make excellent INSULATORS

because they conduct heat poorly

and are good for keeping drinks

and homes warm.

B

J

K

N

MATTER is anything that takes up

space and has mass, such as a

dinosaur, baseball, tissue box,

or trash can. A dinosaur has more

matter than a chicken because it

takes up more space and has more mass.

F

O

A LEVER is a type of simple machine. It usually is a stiff structure

that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum. Levers are used to accomplish a task involving one motion.

W

Z

V

An electromagnetic spectrum band or

X-RAY ranges in wavelength. X-rays

are used to take pictures of the bones.

In a chemical equation, the arrow between

the reactant and product means 'to YEILD'

or 'to produce'.

S

Because of copper's low resistance

a copper wire can easily carry

a large current.

RESISTANCE determines

how much current

flows for a given

voltage.

Engineers test concepts or ideas they have

by building a PROTOTYPE or a working model

of the design that can be tested to see if it works.

UNSATURATED FATS have fewer hydrogen

atoms than it could have often due to

double bonds between two carbon atoms.

Whereas saturated fats have as many

hydrogen atoms as possible.

The QUANTUM THEORY is used to describe the

behavior of atoms and how they do not obey

any laws of physics.

THEORIES can best be described as a

scientific explanation supported by a

large amount of evidence collected over

a long period of time. An examples is the

quantum theory.

This book is all about physical science terms

that we learned this year. This ABC book

should explain to you about physical science.

Physical science is the study of matter, which

is anything that takes up space and has mass,

and the study of energy, which is the ability

to cause change. Physical Science studies that

energy and matter cannot be created or

destroyed.

R

My name is Alex Smith, I am in 8th grade, I have exceeded all of my CRCT's and This year's Georgia Milestones. I live in McDonough GA. I have 2 dogs, Caper and Skylar. I am 13. I am a Student by day, Gamer by night.

An experiment is formed or designed

around a SYSTEM, which is a group of

variables that are related in some

way.

U

X

P

T

Y

Q

ZINC is a significant element because it is

included in some vitamins and also

combines with copper to make the brass

alloy. It has an atomic number of 30 and

is represented by the symbol Zn.

WORK is the transfer of energy that results

from applying a force over a distance. For

example, a force of 1 newton does 1 joule of

work when the force causes 1 meter of motion

in the direction of the force.

The electrons in the outermost, unfilled energy level of an atom

are called VALENCE ELECTRONS. These are the electrons that participate in the bonding of atoms to become compounds.