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The Evolution of Global Governance

The League of Nations

Origins of IHL

Second World to the Third

International Economics

  • The Rules of War 1873
  • Efforts to humanize war
  • Birth of the Red Cross 1881
  • Unilateral right to take territory through war vanished as sovereignty took precedent
  • The Hauge 1899
  • Outlawed air bombs, chemical weapons, hollowed bullets
  • Origins of governance were practical and philisophical

Norms: Sovereignty, Treatment of War Prisoners

  • Rise of the UN General Assembly
  • More effective with universal membership
  • Bandung Conference in 1955
  • Rise of "Third World" as a political force
  • Shift from West-East to North-South
  • Struggle against colonialism shifted U.S. and Soviet Union positions in the UN- U.S. found UN hostile environment

Norms: Decolonization, Self-Determination, World Community entwined with Sovereignty

  • First New Economic Order failed- lack of U.S support
  • Redistribution of wealth
  • Floating exchange rates needed monitoring
  • Shift in IMF: surveillance and managing exchange rates
  • Used the Washington Consensus
  • 1970 floating exchange rates-> 1980 by Third World sovereign debt
  • Changing of development: eradicating poverty
  • UN Millennium Development Goals (beyond economics)

Norms: Deregulation, Financialization, Grassroots Movements, Moral Governance, Corporate Governance

  • During WWI states began to want a permanent peacetime world security organization
  • Wilson: "Forum for quasi parliamentary deliberation manifestation rather than a judicial court to deliver verdicts."
  • Formation was left to British
  • U.S. Senate defeated America's membership to the League
  • 1946 end of League
  • Seen as a failure: no disarmament, lacked support, served as a tool for UK and France

Norms: Internationalism, Scientific Promotion

1950

1970

Present

1920

1800

Humanity's Law

The Rise of the United Nations

Development and Rise of Human Rights

Communication and Commerce

  • Law of the Sea
  • Telegraph 1844, United Postal Union 1874
  • "See everything that is done and hear everything that is being said"
  • Free Trade under The Peace Movement
  • Open economies as a prerequisite for prosperity and harmony
  • "More civilized, more efficient, freer, more peace-loving, and more prosperous than its rivals"

Norms: Communication, Free Trade, Promotion of Peace, Scientific Cooperation & Standardization

  • Sovereignty no longer absolute
  • Government must demonstrate “life-sustaining standards” for inhabitants
  • Responsibility to Protect
  • UN Role of Peacekeeping
  • Security Council broadened "threats to peace"
  • Economic, social, humanitarian, and ecological
  • Rise of ICC after Yugoslavia and Rwanda Tribunals

Norms: Individual Rights > State Rights, Rise of Morality, Universal Values

  • UDHR 1948 undermined cultural integrity of nations, shifted to:
  • UN Human Rights Convention 1966
  • Civil and political rights
  • Economic, Social, Cultural rights
  • Amnesty International and Helsinki Watch (Human Rights Watch)
  • Role NGO could have as UN observer
  • New model of rights activism: diplomats, politicians, and NGO
  • NGOs became a part of institutional reshaping of international politics

Norms: Self-Determination, Expansion of Human Rights, Activism

  • Social and economic problems were intertwined in international and national spheres-> cohesion and cooperation
  • January 1942 in a declaration in which UK, US, and other 26 countries joined
  • Before it was a peacetime organization it was a wartime alliance
  • Security Council (big 5) had exclusive jurisdiction to keeping peace
  • Bretton Woods: Rewriting rules of the international economy
  • IMF and World Bank
  • Criteria for joining was to "love peace"

  • Norms: International Cooperation, International Economic Stability, World Security

Westphalian ~ The Peace Movement~ Universalism ~ Internationalism ~ World Federalism ~ Liberal Nationalism ~ Neo Liberalism ~ Globalization

~ World Ideologies ~

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