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Early Music of Africa

The traditional music of Africa is historically ancient, rich, and diverse, with the different regions and nations of Africa having distinct musical traditions. Traditional music in much of the continent is passed down orally (or aurally) and is not written. It also frequently relies heavily on percussion instruments of every variety, including xylophones, drums, and tone-producing instruments such as the mbira or thumb piano.

Conclusion

Slave Songs and Spirituals

1618-1865

Slave songs are the songs that enslaved African men, women, and children would sing during work and recreation. Slave songs attempted to preserve the culture that they had brought with them from Africa. Spirituals (or Negro spirituals) are religious (generally Christian) songs that were also created by enslaved African people. Spirituals were derived from the combination of European hymns and African musical elements. Many slave songs and spirituals contained hidden messages. "Follow the Drinking Gourd" is a well known slave song but it is actually a secret map that lead many slaves to freedom!

Throughout the century, we've seen many genres come and go, evolve, and become something new. But the most important thing is that we get to hear how the early culture of black music has influenced popular music of today!

The Emancipation Proclamation and Amendment 13

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.".

All that Jazz

late 19th to early 20th century

Ragtime is a musical genre that enjoyed its peak popularity between 1895 and 1918. Its main characteristic trait is its syncopated, or "ragged," rhythm. Player pianos were a popular instrument during the Ragtime era. One of the most popular Ragtime composers was Scott Joplin. Joplin was one of the first Black composers to gain recognition in America! Two of his most famous compositions are "The Entertainer" and "Maple Leaf Rag."

Other Forms of Jazz

Blues

Jazz music was most popular during the early to mid 20th century. Jazz has a variey of styles but some of the most popular are Dixieland, swing, and bebop. Blues and Ragtime are considered the earliest forms of jazz music. Some of the most famous jazz musicians are Count Basie, Sir Duke Ellington, Louie Armstrong, and Ella Fitzgerald.

The Blues is a kind of jazz that evolved from the music of African-Americans, especially work songs and spirituals, in the early twentieth century. Blues pieces often express worry or depression. The Blues originated from the “Deep South” or the Delta. One of the most famous Blues singers was Bessie Smith, also known as "The Empress of the Blues". At the time of her popularity, Smith was earning an average of $2,000 per week! During this time in American history, this was a significant amount of money for any woman regardless of her race!

The Old Meets the New

Music of the 1970's

Music of the 1950's and 1960's

The 1970's introduced the world to disco! Disco was a mixture of funk, pop, soul, and psychedelic elements.

The ending of WWII marked the introduction to a new era in America and also in Black music. Jazz was no longer popular among the younger generation and they were hungry for new sounds. In the 1950's, Popular music, also known as "pop" music began to take the stage. Along with it, came R&B, Soul, and the invention of Rock-n-Roll! The 60's also introduced digital or psychedelic instrumental sounds.

The Civil Rights Movement

"Nearly 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern states still inhabited a starkly unequal world of disenfranchisement, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. “Jim Crow” laws at the local and state levels barred them from classrooms and bathrooms, from theaters and train cars, from juries and legislatures. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the “separate but equal” doctrine that formed the basis for state-sanctioned discrimination, drawing national and international attention to African Americans’ plight. In the turbulent decade and a half that followed, civil rights activists used nonviolent protest and civil disobedience to bring about change, and the federal government made legislative headway with initiatives such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Many leaders from within the African American community and beyond rose to prominence during the Civil Rights era, including Martin Luther King, Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Andrew Goodman and others. They risked—and sometimes lost—their lives in the name of freedom and equality. "

http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement

Music of 2000 to current

Music of the 1980's and 1990's

Throughout the century, we've seen many genres come and go, evolve, and become something new. But the most important thing is that we get to hear how the early culture of black music has influenced popular music of today!

Disco is dead! In the 1980's and 1990's, we were introduced to the new sounds of Pop music and Hip Pop! Hip Pop was an early influence of the genre we know today as Rap.

BLACK HISTORY MONTH: Music

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