Speech Disorders in Patients Following a Stroke

Borthwick, S. (2012). Communication impairment in patients following stroke. Nursing Standard, 26(19), 35-41.

Brooke Hatfield, Deborah Millet, Janice Coles, Julie Gassaway, Brendan Conroy, Randall J. Smout, Characterizing Speech and Language

Pathology Outcomes in Stroke Rehabilitation, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 86, Issue 12, Supplement, December 2005, Pages 61-72,

Regina Jokel, Luc De Nil, Katie Sharpe. Journal of Medical Speech - Language Pathology. Sept 2007 v15 i3 p243(19).

- Dysarthria - "Dysarthria is the term used to describe the motor speech disorder that follows neurological injury such as stroke.” ( Borthwick)

-Apraxia- "Apraxia of speech, or articulatory dyspraxia, is a motor speech disorder that occurs as a result of disruption of motor programming or speech planning, not as a result of neuromuscular deficits. A defining feature of apraxia is difficulty in programming the movements specifically required for speech -movement of the same musculature for non-speech tasks, for example licking the lips, is normal." (Borthwick)

Common Communication Disorders and Problems

We will be Identifying

Conclusion

- Communication impairments in patients following stroke –

* Over view Apraxia, Dysarthria, Aphasia

- Characterizing Speech and Language Pathology Outcomes

in Stroke Rehabilitation

-Speech Disfluencies in Adults with Neurogenics Stuttering

Associated with Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury.

-There are many side effects to a

stroke and these are just a few speech disorders that can arise from one.

-It is very important to have a proper diagnoses and begin rehabilitation ASAP.

References of our Three Articles

Characterizing Speech & Language Pathology Outcomes

In Stroke Rehabilitation

Findings

Why it Matters

There is little research concerning how SLP therapy interacts with the physical, medical and emotional changes following the stroke.

- Activities that used problem solving produced better outcomes.

- The more patients were exposure to therapy produced better outcomes.

- The earlier intervention was introduced produced better outcome.

Communication Disorders and

Problems Following a Stroke

Purpose of the Study

How It Was Done

“The objective of this article was to describe or characterize some basic aspects of SLP practice and the effects of specific SLP activities in achieving better outcomes for a subset of patients without a diagnosis of aphasia."

(Hatfield, Millet, Coles, Gassaway, Conroy & Smout, 2005 p.S61)

Patients were evaluated using the FIM test (functional independence measure) before and after SLP therapy to measure progress

Group Members: Ashley White, Kristine Roed, Laura Cooper, Mary Kate Thormahlan, Ronesha Mills-Moorehead and Sharon Johnson

Dysarthria & Apraxia

Characteristics of Neurogenic

Stuttering Due to Stroke

- Types of neurogenic stuttering

- May or my not occur in isolation

- Associated with unilateral (mostly left) or bilateral lesions

- Brain hemisphere location

Intervention Strategies

Neurogenic Stuttering

Aphasia

What is neurogenic stuttering?

- Aphasia – “Aphasia is defined as an acquired multimodal language disorder that affects the person’s ability to talk, write and understand spoken and written language while other cognitive abilities remain relatively intact.” (Borthwick)

- Shorter sentences

- Time for understanding

- Augmented speech with gestures

- Encouraging other forms of speech

- Understanding Difficulties

- Motor Learning of articulatory movement (Apraxia)

- Strengthen affected speech system (Apraxia)

- A condition in which previously fluent

individuals gradually or suddenly become clinically

disfluent after experiencing a head injury, storke

or other form of brain damage

More Facts on Aphasia:

1- Different levels of severity

2- Can be hard to identify because it can present similarities to other communication disorders or can be accompanied by other communication disorders. Also there are a lot of variations of aphasia.