APUSH Timeline: WW1-WW2

• Increased productivity due to invention and adoption of assembly line, Henry Ford
• Use of electric motors and oil
• Government policy favours the growth of big business

• Decreased demand of crops after war, farmers expanding their lands are now on debt
• Mechanisation of agriculture increased production, which again lowered the price

• Open shop - companies employing non-union workers
• Welfare capitalism - business improved employers' welfare to remove the need of union
• Strikes led by union usually failed

APUSH Timeline: WW1 - WW2

Business prosperity in 1920s

Sep 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland

• Beginning of WW2 in Europe

1929: Stock market crash

Causes

• Uneven distribution of income
• Excessive use of credit
• Overproduction of consumer goods
• Weak farm economy
• Government policies
• Global economic environment

• Followed by the rapid rising in 1928, the collapse in 1929 was a big shock to the population. People lost their confidence in the stock market and took out their investment, resulting further boom.
• The crash triggered the Great Depression, but is not the only cause of it.

1945: German Surrender

Fireside Chat

Jan 1919: The Peace Confernece, Paris

June 28, 1914, Sarajevo

• Hitler committed suicide on April 30
• Unconditional suurrender of Nazi on May 7
• German concentration camps and the Holocaust were discovered which shocked the world

• A Serbian terrorist assassinated the heir apparent to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire
• Sarajevo was in Bosnia, the province that - to Serbia's anger - had been annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908
• Austrian government invaded Serbia on July 27
• As Austira's ally, Germany declared war against Russia and France, allies of Serbia, then invaded neutral Belgium as the fastest route to Paris
• Britain declared war against Germany

• The Big Four: heads of states of Britain, France, Italy, US
• Wilson advocated for his Fourteen Points which influenced the Peace terms in the Treaty of Versailles

Sit-down Strikes

March 4, 1933: First New Deal - the First Hundred Days

• Companies still resisted union demands.

1920s' Cultural Change

• the three R's - Relief, Recovery, Reform
• Bank Holiday March 6, 1933 until government reorganized them on a sound basis
• Repeal of casually-violated Prohibition by the ratification of the 21st Amendment
• Fireside chats March 12, 1933 to assure the public. The public responded as hoped, with the money deposited in the reopened banks exceeding the money withdrawn

1921: First Immigration Quota

1945: Japan Atomic Bombs

• A maximum of 357,000 new immigrants a year
• Canadians and Latin Americans were exempt from restrictions

• Jazz
• Consumerism in middle class - automobile, radio, washing machine
• Hollywood

which subsequently changed the lifestyle and gender role of women, especially middle class women

• Manhattan Project
• August 6 on Hiroshima
• August 9 on Nagasaki
• September 2, Japan officially surrendered

April 4, 1917: Declaration of War

1938: Fair Lobor Standards Act

Hoover's Response

1935-1940: The Second New Deal

• Selective Service Act (1917) 2.8 million men
• 400,000 African Americans

As for public opinion...

• Propaganda agency called the Commitee on Public Information
• Espionage and Sedition acts

Migration of Mexicans and African Americans to north

• A minimum wage
• A maximum workweek of 40 hours
• Child labor restrictions on those under 16

• The First New Deal focused on recovery, while the Second New Deal focused on relief and reform.

• Raise tariff (Hawley-Smoot Tariff) 1930, highest in history
• Moratorium(suspension) on payment of international debt from WW1, 1931
• Reconstruction Finance Corperation (RFC)

key business, infrastructure, top-down to small business, ineffective

1919:Prohibition Law

• Strict prohibition of manufacture and sale of alcohol.

1930

1940

1920

1950

1910

Nov 11, 1918: End of WW1

1921: Washington Conference

1932: Protest

1937： Supreme Court

1925: the Scopes Trial

• Disarmament and Peace
• Five-Power Treaty
• Four-Power Treaty
• Nine-Power Treaty

• Debate between South religious fundamentalists and North modernists
• Tennessee banned teaching Darwin's theory of evolution in public schools. John Scopes, a Tennessee biology teacher was arrested for doing that. On the trial, Scopes made fundamentalist's representative William Jennings Bryan, a three-time Democrats candidate for president, look foolish.

• Unrest on the farms
• Bonus march in Washington DC, WW1 veterans demand immediate payment of the bonus promised them at a later date(1945).

• 1935 The Supreme Court decided that FDR's NRA and AAA programs are unconstitutional. Republicans and many democrats accused FDR to be wanting to be a dictator.
• Ironically, by 1937 on the court, FDR's opponents have already retired, and his programs got upheld by the Court.

Dec 7, 1941: Japanese attack Pearl Harbor

• US initially kept neutral and passed several Neutrality Acts in 1930s.
• However, US's relationship with Japan had become increasingly strained since Japan's invasion of China and its ambition of taking over Southeast Asia.
• US declared war against Japan on Dec 8.
• Three days later, Germany and Italy honored their treaty with Japan by declaring war on US

1920: Rejection of the treaty

1935: Passage of the Social Security Act

Prosperity of Ku Klux Klan（KKK)

• Senate rejects Versailles Treaty and League of Nations
• Nineteenth Amendment (Woman Suffrage) is ratified

• A federal insurance program based upon automatic collectio of tax from employees and employers throughout their career time

• Extreme nativism, against blacks, Catholics, Jews, foreigners, suspected Communists

Farmer and labor problems

April 12, 1945: Death of FDR

1916: President Wilson Elected (Democrat)

Recession in the late 1930s

• "Peace without victory." America was neutral to the war

However...

• Lusitania Crisis, sinking of the ship entered Germen's "war zone", 128 Americans drowned, with the addition of further several sinkings
• America's closer connection with Britain
• Mexico's alliace with German
• Russian Revolution

• Government policy discouraged conser spending
• Keynesian economics

• But beginning in 1938, fears about Nazi Germany diverted attention from domestic concerns towards foreign affairs

Yuki Hu

Feb 2016