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Depression
2
Transcript
depression
Lowered Self-Esteem
- Sufferers tend to have lowered self esteem and like themselves less than usual.
- May also describe a sense of self hatred.
Anger
- May experience anger, sometimes in extreme forms.
- Can be directed at the self or others.
- Can lead to aggressive or self harming behaviour.
Lowered Mood
- Depressed is another way of describing a low mood or feeling sad.
- Lowered mood in depression is more pronounced than in the daily kind of experience of feeling lethargic and sad.
- Often describe themselves as 'worthless' and 'empty'.
Emotional Characteristics
DSM-5 Categories of Depression
Aggression
- Often irritable, and in some cases they can become verbally or physically aggressive.
- Can lead to serious life issues like ending relationships or quitting jobs.
- May become physically aggressive towards themselves, for example, self harm or suicide attempts.
Behavioural Characteristics
Cognitive Characteristics
Sleep and Eating Changes
- Major Depressive Disorder - Severe but often short term depression
- Persistent Depressive Disorder - Long term or recurring depression, including sustained major depression
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder - Childhood temper tantrums
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - Disruption to mood prior to and/or during menstruation
- May experience insomnia or hypersomnia.
- Appetite and eating may increase or decrease
- Leading to weight gain or loss.
Absolutist Thinking
- See situations as either all-good or all-bad.
- They sometimes call this 'black and white thinking'.
- When a situation is unfortunate they tend to see it as an absolute disaster.
Activity Levels
Behaviour changes when suffering an episode of depression
People suffering from depression tend to process information about several aspects of the world quite differently from the 'normal' ways that people without depression think.
Dwelling on the Negative
- Reduced levels of energy, making them lethargic.
- Withdrawal from work, education and social life.
- May not be able to even get out of bed.
- Can lead to the opposite effect known as psychomotor agitation, where the individual struggles to relax.
- Pay more attention to negative aspects of a situation and ignore the positives.
- May also have a bias towards recalling unhappy events rather than happy ones - the opposite bias that most people have when not depressed.
Poor Concentration
- Unable to stick with a task as they usually would.
- Might find it hard to make decisions that they would normally find staightforward.
- Likely to interfere with the individual's work.
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