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Statistics

Treatment

  • Approximately 25% of untreated patients with TOF die within the first year of life, 40% by 4 years, 70% by 10 years, and 95% by 40 years.
  • Occurs in less than 1 in 2000 live births. Nonetheless, Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect.

You can help lessen the effects of TOF by

following some of these choices:

  • Use an oxygen mask to help deliver more oxygen to your blood. This can minimize effects of TOF.
  • Open Heart surgery can completely repair TOF. There are two types of surgery, complete intracardic repair and temporary or palliative surgery.

What is TOF?

A rare heart disease that is caused by a combination of 4 heart defects that are present at birth. These defects, which affect the structure of the heart, cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and into the rest of the body.

Symptoms

  • A bluish coloration of the skin caused by blood low in oxygen
  • Irritability
  • Fainting
  • Clubbing of fingers and toes — an abnormal, rounded shape of the nail bed
  • A heart murmur

Answers

Tetralogy of Fallot

1. 2-4 months

2. True

3. True

Bennett, Cara, Dumebi, & Dylan

Normal vs TOF

Causes

TOF occurs during fetal growth, when the baby's heart is developing.

Factors include:

  • poor maternal nutrition
  • viral illness
  • genetic disorders
  • maternal alcoholism
  • advanced maternal age (over the age of 40)

**In most cases the cause of Tetralogy of Fallot is unknown.**

Test Questions

The 4 Heart Defects

Tet Spells

1. What age are Tet spells most common?

2. True or false: Is a heart murmur a symptom of TOF?

3. True or False: TOF occurs in less than 1 in 2000 live births.

  • A large Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) -- hole in the wall that separates the two chambers on the left and right side causing blood to mix
  • Pulmonary Stenosis -- the pulmonary valve cannot fully open and this causes the heart o work harder to pump blood through the valve
  • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy-- muscle of the right ventricle is thicker than usual because of the Pulmonary Stentosis
  • An Overriding Aorta-- aorta is usually attached to the left ventricle but in TOF the aorta is between the left an right ventricle , directly over the VSD causing oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to go into the aorta instead of the pulmonary artery.
  • Babies with TOF may experience at Tet Spell.
  • This is when the skin of the baby turns a dark bluish color on their skin, nails, and lips after they are done crying, feeding, or kicking it's legs when it wakening up.
  • This is due to the fast decrease in oxygen in the blood.
  • Most common in young infants, around 2 to 4 months
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