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Conversational analysis

final part

IMPLICATIONS

repairs

TURN TAKING

THE GOOD CONVERSATIONALIST

At school,

What was the focus of the English class?

Conversation involves two or more people

Conversation involves monitoring to ensure that the messages have been understood

Did you have social occasions for talk?

Distribution of talking is not random

Repair: efforts to correct trouble spots in conversation

repair in second language

Self-repairs

How can we evaluate an actual communicative act?

communication strategies

Speaker-initiated repairs

Conversation is recognized as an art or skill

Is a dollar all right or will I need more than that for the p... to cover the postage?

shop instead of department store

other repairs

A: I felt very.. malu.. you know?

B: you felt very shy?

A: yes, shy

Repairs carried out by the hearer

Approximation: lacking a word in the target language, choose an approximate word (synonym)

Borrowing: A word from the mother tongue is used in the target language

Mime: the speaker acts out the word

Topic Shift: A speaker that doesn't possess sufficient vocabulary or confidence to discuss the topic (in the target language) may change it

A: She married that guy from Australia.. what was his name? ... Wilson ... Williams..?

B: Don Wilson

A: yeah, Don Wilson

A: then the plane.. (mimes a plane taking off)

B: It took off

A: yes

Guidebooks for the improvement of conversation (native and non-native)

the Art of story-telling in conversation

Don't stare at your listeners

Don't look at the ceiling

Don't tell the story until you are sure of it

Don't be the first to laugh at your own story

talkers do not just provide information

RULES

Present dramas to an audience, employing means that are essentially theatrical

Dramatic devices -> irony, sarcasm, humor and suspense

Only one person speaks at a time

. . .

Rules for turn taking:

  • differ according to the type of speech event
  • vary from culture to culture
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