Sociology: Social Deviance

Child Labor and Trafficking

Bibliography

Anti-slavery. (2012, March). Retrieved from http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/child_labour.aspx

Maria, M. (2010, May 05). End child labor in u.s. agriculture. Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/support-care

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://stopchildslavery.com/2011/04/19/human-trafficking-in-the-united-states/

Samadi, D. (2012, May 30). Consequences of the rise in illegal organ trafficking. Fox News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/05/30/consequences-rise-in-illegal-organ-trafficking/

Majumder, S. (2008, Jan 28). 'Kidney racket' exposed in india. BBC News . Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7212596.stm

Henry, S. (2011, Oct 27). Levy izhak rosenbaum pleads guilty to selling black market kidneys. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/27/levy-izhak-rosenbaum-plea_n_1035624.html

By: Carly, Elaine, Keeley, Maggie,and Taylor

Farming in the United States

Trafficking

basdtay

Organ Trafficking

India

Illegal organ trafficking: illegally extracting and selling another person's organs either by forcing the victim or by paying the victim a small price

Child Labor Laws

United States

Why it happens: too many patients, not enough donors

Since 1938, child labor in the United States has been

restricted. Today, children under the age of 12 are restricted from non-agricultural labor, and children between the age of 12-16 have hour restrictions. However, if you are working for your family, you can work as much as they want, as long as it doesn't interfere with school. Agricultural rules are also more lenient. It is estimated that 3 out of 100000 people are subject to child labor, and 14 of every 100000 teens. That means that there would be an estimated 168 children in Minnesota who are subjects of child labor.

Punishment

• patients become desperate for the organs they need and are willing to pay a large price for them
• criminals can make a huge profit because of this
• donors are either forced to undergo surgery or do so because they need money
• illegal surgeries often mean unsanitary conditions and put both the donor and the patient at risk
• sometimes the donors are killed in the process
• Strain Theory

United States

Child Labor

India

Organ trafficking is illegal in the United States, and punishment for the few reported and proven cases has been a short jail time.

To constitute as child labor:

• The person is under 12 years old.
• They are either girls of boys.
• The majority of them are from lower socio-economic status, and many are illegal immigrants.
• These individuals are typically powerless and believe they have no other options.
• Child labor happens throughout the United States, but there are geographic characteristics for the types of jobs.

Organ trafficking is illegal in India, but the majority of the time people get away with it because there are so few regulations.

The doctor convicted in New York was sentenced to 30 months of jail time.

A short jail time has been the punishment in previous cases.

Strain Theories

Prevalence

The type of deviance can be considered both strain and differential association, .

The people who employ children in the United States are only doing this because they don't believe they can make the same profit using adults (strain theory).

The typical punishment is a fine, and depending on scale minor jail time.

China

-10 million children are not in school

-5 million children are working in factories

-Government has no prevention and does not give out statistics.

-Over 20% of children make up work force

-Children are kidnapped and sold to factories to work

-Work in sweatshops

-Extreme exploitation

-Lack of a living wages or benefits

-Poor and dangerous working conditions

-Harsh and unnecessary discipline

Ivory Coast

Childhood Coca Farming

Comparison

Punishment & Prevention

• 1.8 million children work on cocoa farms
• 40 percent are not enrolled in school
• Only 5 percent get paid
• Children are forced to work long hours with little rest
• Most are sold into slavery
• Work with dangerous equipment
• Most of the world's cocoa comes from the Ivory coast

More excessive

The United States enforces child laws

China has laws against child labor

China states does not enforce child laws

Fair Labor Standards Act

5 years in prison

Death penalty

Minors Protection Law

Complies with the minimum standards

photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli

Punishments & Regulations

• Nestle and Hershey start using fair trade , doesn't put a end to childhood labor
• Hard to regualte
• 5-10 years in prison
• Major companies signed protocol to stop childhood labor, but little was done.