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A Comparison of the Health Belief Model and the Transtheorectical Health Model

Avashun Pace, Alicia Fike, Juan De Dios Morales,

Hugo Venegas

When is it best to use the Transtheoretical Model?

o This model would be best suited for instances where the individual (and those involved) have an ample amount of time to reach said goal.

  • For example: Breaking a smoking habit, Exercising to lose weight & lower cholesterol, high blood pressure, etc (immediately)

Similarities between two theories

  • Both the Transtheoretical Model and the Health Belief Model rely on an individual acknowledging that they could change, as well as believe that they can successfully make a positive change by taking proper preventative measures.
  • Another similarity is that both models require the individual to have a cue to action or trigger that causes a desire to change prior to taking action.

Differences between two theories

Components of Health Belief Model (HBM)

When is it best to use The Health Belief Model?

History of The Health Belief Model (HBM)

Argues that behavior is a direct turnout of...

 Perceived Susceptibility: percentage to which a person feels they’re at risk to illness

 Perceived Severity: percentage to which a person believes the consequences of the illness will be severe

 Perceived Benefits: the percentage of which pleasing outcomes will turn out in response to the action

 Perceived Barriers: the percentage of negative outcomes that would be associated with the action being taken

 Cues to Action: An external influence that pushes one towards performing the action

 Self-Efficacy: the person’s belief in their own ability of action

The Transtheoretical Model is a step by step process that an individual uses on their path to wellness, whereas the Health Belief Model is made up of different factors that all contribute to whether or not an individual decides to take action in regards to preventing or controlling an illness.

This model would be most appropriate in a situation where an individual has adequate access to information to gather their own views and knowledge regarding the actions that need to be taken to prevent or "cure" themselves of a possible illness

  • For example: Getting a a flu shot, a mammogram, or HIV testing
  •  The Health Belief Model was originated in the 1950s by the United States Public Health Service psychologists Godfrey Hochbaum, Irwin Rosenstock, & Stephen Kegels.
  • o Developed in response to the low turnout rates for free and convenient tuberculosis screening.
  •  It is a “cognitively-based” model that focuses more on the mental processes and changes of health behaviors amongst individuals.

The Transtheorectical Model

Stages of The Transtheoretical Model

  • Transtheoretical Model was developed in the 1970s by researchers Prohaska & DiClemente.
  • It claims that changes in health behavior involve progression throughout six different stages.
  • These stages are said to be cyclical & on a continuum of change.

Citations

o Precontemplation: the individual has no intention of taking action

o Contemplation: the individual may be thinking about change in the near future (weighing pros & cons)

o Preparation: the individual is ready to work towards change and is making a plan for action

o Action: the individual has taken action towards change; however only the positive actions count

o Maintenance: the individual has experienced some obvious change in health since action took place and is focusing now on keeping that behavior up

o Termination: the individual has efficiently completed the “process” of behavioral change and is over the difficulty of the process.

• Hochbaum, Godfrey, Irwin Rosenstock, and Stephen Kegels. "Health belief model." United States Public Health Service (1952).

• Champion, Victoria L., and Celette Sugg Skinner. "The health belief model."Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice 4 (2008): 45-65.

• Prochaska, James O., and Wayne F. Velicer. "The transtheoretical model of health behavior change." American journal of health promotion 12.1 (1997): 38-48.

• Brug, J. (2004). The Transtheoretical Model and stages of change: A critique: Observations by five Commentators on the paper by Adams, J. and White, M. (2004) Why don't stage-based activity promotion interventions work? Health Education Research, 20(2), 244-258. doi: 10.1093/her/cyh005

• http://psychological-musings.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-health-belief-model-and.html

• Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K. & Lewis, F.M. (2002). Health Behavior and Health Education. Theory, Research and Practice.San Fransisco: Wiley & Sons.

• Glanz, K., Marcus Lewis, F. & Rimer, B.K. (1997). Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice. National Institute of Health.

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