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What are Immigration Policies?

1776: Black Loyalists

  • 3,000 Black Loyalists fled the oppression of the American Revolution
  • Canada became a safe haven for Blacks
  • Promised land, freedom, and rights in exchange for services rendered

Important Dates

  • Population policy
  • Regulating the selection
  • Controlling the number of immigrants that enter the country
  • 1776: Black Loyalists
  • 1793: Abolish Slavery
  • 1969: United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

Immigration

Policies Today

1793: Slavery is Abolished

1969: United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

  • Upper Canada became the 1st province in the British Empire to abolish slavery
  • Thousands of slaves escaped the United States and came to Canada with the aid of the Underground Railroad
  • Agreement to not return a person to their country of orgin if that person had grounds to fear persecution
  • Policy centered around Economic, Family reunification, and refugee circumstances
  • Canada takes in approxiamately 200,000 immigrants per year
  • Majority of immigrants were Asians in 2006
  • Tightened security in immigration since the events of 9/11
  • Canada currently holds 75% of all international migrants
  • Canada is more generous towards immigrants now then in the past

Modern Women Rights

  • Canada joins the CEDAW Convention in 1981
  • Stands for, "Convention on the Eliminaton of All forms of Discrimination against Women'
  • Sets new benchmarks for government accountability/international interaction
  • The firm legal foundation, along with promotion of the UN and protection of human rights, helped advance the importance of gender equality and women right's internationally

Human Rights Timeline

1921: First Female Federal Election

  • Women are eligible to vote and hold office for the first time in Canada.
  • Only four women candidates ran at the time; Agnes MacPhail as an independent
  • MacPhail was the first woman to sit in the House of Commons
  • Mary Ellen Smith is appointed cabinet minister in B.C and 1st female provisional cabinet minister and the British Empire
  • Nellie McClung is elected as a Liberal member in the Alberta Legislature
  • Women are forced to resigned from Canada Civil Service after marriage

1867-1884: Canadian Confederation Voting Criteria

Important Dates

  • Five federal general elections were held
  • In all provinces, there are 3 basic conditions into becoming an elector -being male -being 21 or older -being a British subject by birth/naturalization
  • 1872: Trade Act Union
  • 1919: Winnipeg General Strike
  • 1956: Founding of the Canadian Labour Congress

Labour Rights Today

  • The Employment Standards Act in BC protects the rights of workers and prevents employees from being used for cheap labour
  • Established in the mid 1950's
  • The act states employers should provide a minimum pay of $10.45 and that one cannot be forced to work when they are pregnant
  • An employer cannot dock a worker's pay while the worker is on a vacation leave

What are Women Rights?

  • Women are equal to men in suffrage, rights to property, and in professional fields
  • Women suffragists including Nellie McClung, who fought for improvements in the lives of women

1763: Royal Proclamation

What are Aboriginal Rights?

1872: Toronto Printers Rebellion

  • Signed on October
  • Recognizes aboriginal title
  • Land ownership and authority are recognized by the Crown under British sovereignty
  • States only the Crown can acquire lands from First Nations by treaties
  • Collective rights that flow from Aboriginal peoples' way of life before the arrival of Europeans
  • Practices, traditions, and customs that eminent the culture of First Nations such as language and religion
  • Rights to original land and resources
  • Independent from government

Important Dates

  • Worked for nine hours a day with little pay
  • Went on strike and many were arrested
  • Prime Minister McDonald introduced the Trade Union Act to legalize and protect unions
  • Created a worker's movement which convinced more workers to join unions
  • 1763: Royal Proclamation
  • 1876: Indian Act
  • 1884: Anti-potlatch laws and Residential Schools

What are Labour Rights?

  • Legal rights that governs the relationship of an employer and employee
  • Includes individual employment contracts

1956: Founding Of the Canadian Labour Congress

  • Canadian Union of Postal Workers wanted the right to strike, bargain, have higher wages and better management
  • Defied the government by causing a country-wide strike
  • Resulted in government reluctantly extending collective bargaining rights to the entire public service

Aboriginal Rights Today

1876: Indian Act

1884: Anti-potlatch laws and Residential Schools

  • Potlatches ceremonies were banned
  • Federal government thought potlatches would slow down assimilation
  • Children were forced to go to residential schools
  • Government wanted the children to lose their culture/identity and become part of the dominion culture
  • The national policy was turning into a cultural extinction

  • In 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced a formal apology to the Aboriginal for the residential Schools; formed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
  • Despite the apologies and improvements for the Aboriganls, many people argue that their relationships could be better with the government
  • Federal gov't refused to sign the United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous people in 2007
  • Indian Act still active today
  • Bill C-31 was passed down in 1985 to bring the Indian Act on par with gender equality under the Charter of Rights and Freedom
  • Indian Act is established
  • Regulates the lives of the First Nations in Canada
  • A way of assimilation
  • Only can live on reserves
  • Required to register with the government
  • Children attended residential schools
  • Traditional ways were denied

1919:Winnipeg Strike

Important Dates

  • Workers of different professions left their jobs and marched on the streets
  • Wanted fair wages
  • RNWM police and union busters fired at the crowds of thousands of workers
  • Largest general strike in Canadian history
  • Is commonly referred to as"Bloody Saturday"
  • 1758-1866: Women have limited privileges
  • 1867-1884: Canadian Confederation voting criteria
  • 1921: First Federal Election that includes women

Limited Privileges for Women

  • Voting was reserved for only affluent men
  • To be qualified, an individual has to own property or assets of a specific value or pay a certain amount of taxes/rent
  • Women were excluded because they were considered inferior to men
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