Ojibwe Reservations in Minnesota

Fond du Lac

- Created through three separate treaties in 1837, 1842, and 1854

- Was originally 1.25 times as big, but land was later taken away in more treaties

- Has about 4000 people

- First reservation in Minnesota

- Part of the reservation is in the city of Cloquet

Grand Portage

- Created in 1854 from a treaty

- In the extreme northeast corner of the state

- Has about 560 people

- Contains Grand Portage State Park, which is jointly owned by the reservation and the State of Minnesota

- Also contains Grand Portage National Monument which has a Native American Center

Modern Day Reservations

-Over 300 federal Reservations in the United States

-Total of 52,017,551 acres held by the government

-21 individual State Reservations

-Despite living in a sovereign nation, they are still considered U.S. citizens, allowed to live anywhere they choose

-Now Native Americans are accepted and respected unlike back in the 1800's.

Red Lake

Bibliography

- "History of Leech Lake." Leech Lake: Band of Ojibwe. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.

- whiteearth.com/history

- mn.gov/indianaffairs/tribes_whiteearth.html

- boisforte.com/history

- redlakenation.org

- http://millelacsband.com/

- http://www.fdlrez.com/

http://www.grandportage.com/tribalgovernment.php

- Nuns came in 1850 and built a christian boarding school in Red Lake area

- Natives had to give up a lot of their land in 1863 in the Treaty of Old Crossing

- Reservation was created from the land that never got taken; officially became a reservation in 1904

- Has about 5100 people

- Divided into a lot of small parts

- Only reservation to be 100% unavailable for purchase

White Earth

Bois Forte

- Created in 1867 from treaty

- Largest reservation by land area

- Named after the white clay

- Has about 9200 people

- Considered to be the original natives in Minnesota

- Originally bigger but a lot was taken by government

- Nelson Act in 1889 allowed reservation land to be sold but land was eventually given back

History of Minnesota Native American Reservations

-Created by treaties between colonists and Native Americans

-The Ojibwe call themselves "Anishinaabe," or "the original people."

-Forced off of land because of settlers and into reservations by the settler's "right" of Westward Expansion.

-President Andrew Jackson encouraged the expansion and deemed it necessary to give land to settlers, without the Ojibwe consent.

-Jackson created many laws that forced Native Americans into reservations, one such law is the "Indian Appropriations Act," along with many others.

- Created in 1866 from a treaty

- Has three sections - Nett Lake, Deer Creek, and Lake Vermillion

- Has about 650 people in total

- Nett Lake has half the reservation population

- Deer Creek is the smallest

- Lake Vermillion has about one third and has the most tourist places: casino, golf course, Native American Center

- Largest producer of wild rice in the United States

Ojibwe Reservations in Minnesota

By Brian Sachs, Melvin Dang, Chase Olsen, Will Lansing, and Tommy Worrell

Leech Lake

- Created in 1855 from treaty, more land added later

- Has about 10600 people - highest population in Minnesota

- Second largest reservation in area

- Has eleven villages inside

- Surrounded by Chippewa National Forest

- Cass Lake, largest city in reservation, is head of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Counsel

Mille Lacs

- Formed in 1855 from treaty

- Has two sections

- Main section is on Mille Lacs Lake

- Other Section borders it, but is a different part

- Has about 4200 people

- Has three governmental districts