Transportation and Travel Evolution
Modern-Tourism Travel System Era
- The period from 1945-1974 is known as the modern tourism travel system era.
- Car ownership continued to grow at a fast rate, mainly at the expense of long distance rail travel.
- Mass air travel was another post World War II occurrence.
Post-Mobility Adjustment Era
Automobile-Based Travel System Era
Early-Industrial Travel System Era
- This era began in 1973-1974 as a result of the oil embargo generated by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) and resulting increase in fuel prices.
- Road Improvements such as railways, canals and steamship services were brought about due to rapid industrialization and advances in transportation technology.
- Common carriers came into existence and began to offer regularly scheduled transportation services.
- Travel increased because more people who had money traveled
- This influence of the privately owned automobile was enhanced in North America and Europe from 1920s onward.
- Car ownership boomed in NA. Motorways, interstate, highways, and other trunk highways were developed in the later half of this era.
Pre-Industrial Travel System Era
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- This was the period before the widespread industrialization in Europe and North America.
- There were few common carriers and were almost no regularly scheduled transportation services.
- It was the era of the stagecoach and a wayside inn, therefor only few people had the money and reason to travel.
Express-Travel System Era
- During this era, express services increased, trains and other forms of transportation did not stop at every station or terminal but only at the major ones. This increased the speed of travel and encouraged more travel than before.
Mature-Railway System Era
- This era was characterized by railways which expanded their operations by running hotels and providing other travel related services.
- The railways began to market their services more aggressively.
- Travel agencies and tour companies were formed.
- Thomas Cook, an innovator in this field during this era, began his company's activities in the United Kingdom in 1840.