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Wind
Insects
Gypsy Moth & Malus
Eastern Tent Caterpillar & Chokecherry
Malus (crab apples)
Herbaceous
Primary food source
Photosynthetic
Mutualistic
Cultivators
Forage Plants
Shankari Jaitly
Bird Dispersal
Anecdotal evidence
Bitter almonds and cyanogenic glycosides
Laetril
Ellagic acid and blood clotting capabilities
Pigment extracts
Polyphenols and antioxidants
Anticancer, preventing free radical mutations or prevention by binding to mutagens
Anti-aging, preventing free radical damage
Cell death in cancer by reducing the number of blood vessels that are created by the tumor
French Paradox
Temperate forests as understory plants
Salt or freshwater marshes
Roadsides
Deciduous forests
Mountains
Used for aesthetics, dense brush, soil retention, and building materials
Modern rose is a result of a mutation
Dense brush makes an excellent living fence, or hedgerow
High phenolic content, as well as an abundant source of waxes and resins make this timber species well adapted to resisting moisture, rotting, and mechanical damage
Thick root structure and dense foliage helps to retain soil structure by inhibiting erosion
Woody
Polyploid models allow a larger capacity for improvement in the agricultural field
Sorbuss copulina
Modern Strawberry
Alpine Strawberry
Rosa acicularis
Widespread
North temperate zones
Majority of species are found in Europe, Asia and North America
Rosoideae
Subfamily Genus Species Common name
Rosoideae Fragaria ananassa Strawberry
Rosa spp. Rose
Rubus spp. + hybrids Blackberry, raspberry, loganberry, boysenberry, etc.
Braeburn and Storage
Almond and Pear trees: Lifespan
Many species of Rosaceae are cold hardy, most often requiring a stratification period in order to set seed
If not cold hardy, typically show larger fruit and/or showy floral organs
Geraniol, main constituent of rose oil
Amygyloideae
Subfamily Genus Species Common name
Amygyloideae Prunus armeniaca Apricot
avium Sweet cherry
cerasus Tart (sour) cherry
domestica European plum
dulcis Almond
persica Peach, nectarine
Subfamily Genus Species Common name
Amygyloideae Prunus mume Mume
serotina Black cherry
Maloideae Amelanchier alnifolia Serviceberry
Chaenomeles japonica Japanese quince
Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneaster
Crataegus spp. Hawthorn, Thornapple
Malus spp. Crabapples
Pyrus calleryana Callery pear
Photinia spp. Photinia
Pyracantha spp. Firethorn
Sorbus spp. Mountain ash, rowan
Rosoideae Geum spp. Avens
Kerria japonica Kerria
Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil
Rosa spp. Rose
Spiraeoideae Spirea prunifolia Bridal wreath
Exochorda racemosa Exochorda
Physocarpus opulitolius Ninebark
Exceeds 180 billion dollars globally
60 billion dollars accounts for production
Market value can exceed 3 times production value
Roses and Market value
3rd most important cash crop globally
Rich in dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and phytonutrients
Natural source of salicylic and ellagic acids
Almonds as a source of complete protein
Reduction of LDL and increase of HDL cholesterols
Rosaceae seed pits contain high levels of linoleic and linoleic fatty acids
During fruit maturation, the receptacle of rosoidea swell, producing the flesh of the fruit
Young Fruit
Flower
In 1986 Rose was named the floral emblem of the United States, and it is the provincial flower of Alberta (the wild rose) in Canada.
The states of flower (Rosa generally) of four US states: Iowa, North Dakota, Georgia and New York.
Portland, Oregon named a "City of Roses", and holds an annual Rose Festival as Pasadena California.
Maloideae
Subfamily Genus Species Common name
Maloideae Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry
Chaenomales japonica Japanese quince
Cydonia oblonga European
Eriobotrya mespilus Loquat
Malus domestica Apple
Pyrus communis European pear
serotina Japanese pear ussurienses Chinese pear
Mespilus germanica Medlar
In the 16th century, the symbol of Henry VIII was the stylised Tudor dynasty rose. A large image of the rose covered the ceiling of the private chamber where decisions of state were made in secret.
Edible Fruits: consists of receptacle fruits and nuts
Ornamentals and landscaping: includes flowers, shrubs, trees, and vines
Timber: consists of lignified plant matter
Cover Crops: Dryadoideae
Synthesized compounds
Dyes
Medical compounds and clinical trials
In mythology, rose meaning is associated with Aphrodite (Greek) goddess of love who was often depicted adorned with roses around her head, feet and or neck.
The most common interpretation is that the rose symbolizes an immortal love or a union that will never fade even through time or death.
Dennis Kim
Cultivation of roses probably began 5000 years ago in Asia. Cultivated roses weren't introduced into Europe until the late of eighteenth century. These introductions came from China and were repeat bloomers, making them of great interest to hybridizers who no longer had to wait once a year for their roses to bloom.
Yellow Rose: Joy, Protection against envious lovers, Mature love
White Rose: Purity, Sanctity, Secret admirer, Mysticism
Red Rose: Sacrifice, Immortal love, Health, Memorial, Passion
Pink Rose: First love, Innocence, Healing
Christian lore, a rose bush was said to have grown at the site of Christ death. His blood serving is often associated with a red rose, combined with its thorns is thus symbolized the ultimate sacrifice.
A red rose (often held in a hand) is a symbol of socialism or social democracy in many European countries.
The white rose was a wolrd war II non violent resistance group in Germany.
Rosaceae is an offshoot of the ancient woody magnolias, and on a common evolutionary line leading to orders such as Araliales and Fagales, that have more specialized inflorescences.
The phrase sub rosa, or "under the rose" means to keep a secret, it derived from this ancient Roman practice.
In Rome when a wild rose placed on a door of a room or in a meeting table means anything was said forbidden to be repeated elsewhere.
One day Flora goddess of flowers found a body of an innocent young woman.The goddess was so struck by this woman's death that she turned the woman's body into a white rose as a testament to purity.
By Najla Elshrif
The Egyptians believed that tea made with red hibiscus rosaeae flowers and sepals could induce licentious cravings in women. As a result, for many centuries Egyptian women were forbidden to drink Hibiscus tea.
The taxonomy of this family has changed many times in the last century.
It was defined as paraphyletic group.
Most of this subfamily are shrubs, and have simple leaves.
The genera aruncus and sorbaria have pinnately compound leaves.
Habit can be woody,shrubs or trees
Ovary: 1 to 5 carpels, and it is superior , usually with many ovules.
White roses were connected with the Virgin Mary. Simple of Virgin pureness.
Sepals are usually pentamerous.
Petals are usually pentamerous, while stamens are 15 or more.
Carpels ( pistil) are 1 to many and are distinct or connate.
in the field this is an easy way to identify rosaceae 5 sepals, and five petals. also rosaceae have many stamens a minimum of five.
32 to 35 million years old fossilized rose
discovered by Steven Manchester in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument of eastern Oregon U.S.
35 million years old Fossils have also been found in Germany and in Yugoslavia.
They include about 3100 species in 107 generas ( the actual number of generas is unknown, much work needs to be done to determine the exact number )
Rosaceae include shrubs, herbs or trees which are sometimes Rhizomateous climbing or thorny.
The family name is derived from the genus Rosa (rose).
Michel Adanson (1763, 1963) was first to publish “Rosaceae” as the name for the rose family.
The English word rose comes from Latin and old French
After Carl Linnaeus published his systema naturae, botanists worked to improve systematic classification.
Michel Adanson was the first to publish “ rosaceae” as the name for the rose family.
The ICBN credits Antoine Laurent De Jussieu is the scientist who coined the term “ Rosacea”.
Some controversies in the classification of angiosperms are being resolved by using new approaches such as chloroplast analysis.
Can be woody plants, shrubs and trees
Superiour ovary with 1 to 2 ovules.
Drupe fruit type.
2. Maloideae ( apple ).
Can be woody plants, and mostly trees
Usually 5 carpels in the ovary and it is inferior with adnate fleshy hypanthium.
Rosodiae: can be a shrubs or herbs.
Ovary is superior .
Many carpels
Various placentation's, eg. Axial, parietal, or free central.
The fruits are the fleshy hypanthium, or fleshy receptacle as in strawberries, blackberries , etc.
Leaves are usually alternate and are simple to palmately or pinnately compound.
Stipules are usually present and flowers often are , bisexual or infrequently unisexual.
The hypanthium ranges from flat to cup-shaped.
Sepals are usually pentamerous, sometimes alternating with epicalyx lobes.
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom:
Plantae
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
The Rose Family
Mohd Nour Alnigrish