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ANY QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? OBJECTIONS? Suggestions?

Pollination

Wind

Insects

Acaena novae-zelandiae

Apis mellifera

Interactions with Other Species

Gypsy Moth & Malus

Eastern Tent Caterpillar & Chokecherry

Malus (crab apples)

Prunus virginiana

Habit

Herbaceous

Rubus articus

Sanguisorba officinalis

Roles in the Ecosystem

Primary food source

Photosynthetic

Mutualistic

Cultivators

Forage Plants

Ecology

Interactions with Other Species

Shankari Jaitly

Bird Dispersal

Clinical Uses

Prunus maritima

Anecdotal evidence

Bitter almonds and cyanogenic glycosides

Laetril

Ellagic acid and blood clotting capabilities

Pigment extracts

Polyphenols and antioxidants

Anticancer, preventing free radical mutations or prevention by binding to mutagens

Anti-aging, preventing free radical damage

Cell death in cancer by reducing the number of blood vessels that are created by the tumor

French Paradox

Habitat

Ornamentals and Timber

Temperate forests as understory plants

Salt or freshwater marshes

Roadsides

Deciduous forests

Mountains

Spiraea alba

Used for aesthetics, dense brush, soil retention, and building materials

Modern rose is a result of a mutation

Dense brush makes an excellent living fence, or hedgerow

High phenolic content, as well as an abundant source of waxes and resins make this timber species well adapted to resisting moisture, rotting, and mechanical damage

Thick root structure and dense foliage helps to retain soil structure by inhibiting erosion

Rosa palustris

Habit

Woody

Polyploidy

Polyploid models allow a larger capacity for improvement in the agricultural field

Sorbuss copulina

Modern Strawberry

Alpine Strawberry

Rosa acicularis

Distribution

Widespread

North temperate zones

Majority of species are found in Europe, Asia and North America

Edible Fruits

Rosoideae

Other Economic Advantages

Subfamily Genus Species Common name

Rosoideae Fragaria ananassa Strawberry

Rosa spp. Rose

Rubus spp. + hybrids Blackberry, raspberry, loganberry, boysenberry, etc.

Edible Fruits

Braeburn and Storage

Almond and Pear trees: Lifespan

Many species of Rosaceae are cold hardy, most often requiring a stratification period in order to set seed

If not cold hardy, typically show larger fruit and/or showy floral organs

Geraniol, main constituent of rose oil

Amygyloideae

Subfamily Genus Species Common name

Amygyloideae Prunus armeniaca Apricot

avium Sweet cherry

cerasus Tart (sour) cherry

domestica European plum

dulcis Almond

persica Peach, nectarine

Ornamentals and Timber Species (cont.)

Economic

Subfamily Genus Species Common name

Amygyloideae Prunus mume Mume

serotina Black cherry

Maloideae Amelanchier alnifolia Serviceberry

Chaenomeles japonica Japanese quince

Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneaster

Crataegus spp. Hawthorn, Thornapple

Malus spp. Crabapples

Pyrus calleryana Callery pear

Photinia spp. Photinia

Pyracantha spp. Firethorn

Sorbus spp. Mountain ash, rowan

Rosoideae Geum spp. Avens

Kerria japonica Kerria

Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil

Rosa spp. Rose

Spiraeoideae Spirea prunifolia Bridal wreath

Exochorda racemosa Exochorda

Physocarpus opulitolius Ninebark

Exceeds 180 billion dollars globally

60 billion dollars accounts for production

Market value can exceed 3 times production value

Roses and Market value

3rd most important cash crop globally

Nutrition

Rich in dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and phytonutrients

Natural source of salicylic and ellagic acids

Almonds as a source of complete protein

Reduction of LDL and increase of HDL cholesterols

Rosaceae seed pits contain high levels of linoleic and linoleic fatty acids

Poem By “Robert Frost”

The rose is a rose

And was always a rose;

But the theory now goes

That the apple’s a rose,

And the pear is, and so’s

The plum, I suppose.

The dear only knows

What will next prove a rose.

You, of course, are a rose,

But were always a rose.

Receptacle Fruits

During fruit maturation, the receptacle of rosoidea swell, producing the flesh of the fruit

Young Fruit

Flower

North America

In 1986 Rose was named the floral emblem of the United States, and it is the provincial flower of Alberta (the wild rose) in Canada.

The states of flower (Rosa generally) of four US states: Iowa, North Dakota, Georgia and New York.

Portland, Oregon named a "City of Roses", and holds an annual Rose Festival as Pasadena California.

Edible Fruits

Maloideae

Europe

Subfamily Genus Species Common name

Maloideae Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry

Chaenomales japonica Japanese quince

Cydonia oblonga European

Eriobotrya mespilus Loquat

Malus domestica Apple

Pyrus communis European pear

serotina Japanese pear ussurienses Chinese pear

Mespilus germanica Medlar

In the 16th century, the symbol of Henry VIII was the stylised Tudor dynasty rose. A large image of the rose covered the ceiling of the private chamber where decisions of state were made in secret.

Economic Classifications

Edible Fruits: consists of receptacle fruits and nuts

Ornamentals and landscaping: includes flowers, shrubs, trees, and vines

Timber: consists of lignified plant matter

Cover Crops: Dryadoideae

Synthesized compounds

Dyes

Medical compounds and clinical trials

Greek

In mythology, rose meaning is associated with Aphrodite (Greek) goddess of love who was often depicted adorned with roses around her head, feet and or neck.

The most common interpretation is that the rose symbolizes an immortal love or a union that will never fade even through time or death.

Asia

Manner of Use

Dennis Kim

Cultivation of roses probably began 5000 years ago in Asia. Cultivated roses weren't introduced into Europe until the late of eighteenth century. These introductions came from China and were repeat bloomers, making them of great interest to hybridizers who no longer had to wait once a year for their roses to bloom.

What Does a Rose Color Mean?

Christianity

Yellow Rose: Joy, Protection against envious lovers, Mature love

White Rose: Purity, Sanctity, Secret admirer, Mysticism

Red Rose: Sacrifice, Immortal love, Health, Memorial, Passion

Pink Rose: First love, Innocence, Healing

Christian lore, a rose bush was said to have grown at the site of Christ death. His blood serving is often associated with a red rose, combined with its thorns is thus symbolized the ultimate sacrifice.

A red rose (often held in a hand) is a symbol of socialism or social democracy in many European countries.

The white rose was a wolrd war II non violent resistance group in Germany.

Rosaceae is an offshoot of the ancient woody magnolias, and on a common evolutionary line leading to orders such as Araliales and Fagales, that have more specialized inflorescences.

Rome

The phrase sub rosa, or "under the rose" means to keep a secret, it derived from this ancient Roman practice.

In Rome when a wild rose placed on a door of a room or in a meeting table means anything was said forbidden to be repeated elsewhere.

One day Flora goddess of flowers found a body of an innocent young woman.The goddess was so struck by this woman's death that she turned the woman's body into a white rose as a testament to purity.

History and Culture

Egyptian

By Najla Elshrif

Spiraeodiae

The Egyptians believed that tea made with red hibiscus rosaeae flowers and sepals could induce licentious cravings in women. As a result, for many centuries Egyptian women were forbidden to drink Hibiscus tea.

The taxonomy of this family has changed many times in the last century.

It was defined as paraphyletic group.

Most of this subfamily are shrubs, and have simple leaves.

The genera aruncus and sorbaria have pinnately compound leaves.

Habit can be woody,shrubs or trees

Ovary: 1 to 5 carpels, and it is superior , usually with many ovules.

White roses were connected with the Virgin Mary. Simple of Virgin pureness.

Sepals are usually pentamerous.

Petals are usually pentamerous, while stamens are 15 or more.

Carpels ( pistil) are 1 to many and are distinct or connate.

Fossil

General morphological features of Rosaceae

in the field this is an easy way to identify rosaceae 5 sepals, and five petals. also rosaceae have many stamens a minimum of five.

32 to 35 million years old fossilized rose

discovered by Steven Manchester in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument of eastern Oregon U.S.

35 million years old Fossils have also been found in Germany and in Yugoslavia.

They include about 3100 species in 107 generas ( the actual number of generas is unknown, much work needs to be done to determine the exact number )

Rosaceae include shrubs, herbs or trees which are sometimes Rhizomateous climbing or thorny.

Rosaceae

Nomenclature and Taxonomy

The family name is derived from the genus Rosa (rose).

Michel Adanson (1763, 1963) was first to publish “Rosaceae” as the name for the rose family.

Amygdoloideae (cherries)

The English word rose comes from Latin and old French

After Carl Linnaeus published his systema naturae, botanists worked to improve systematic classification.

Michel Adanson was the first to publish “ rosaceae” as the name for the rose family.

The ICBN credits Antoine Laurent De Jussieu is the scientist who coined the term “ Rosacea”.

Some controversies in the classification of angiosperms are being resolved by using new approaches such as chloroplast analysis.

Can be woody plants, shrubs and trees

Superiour ovary with 1 to 2 ovules.

Drupe fruit type.

2. Maloideae ( apple ).

Can be woody plants, and mostly trees

Usually 5 carpels in the ovary and it is inferior with adnate fleshy hypanthium.

Subfamilies of Rosaceae

Rosodiae: can be a shrubs or herbs.

Ovary is superior .

Many carpels

Various placentation's, eg. Axial, parietal, or free central.

The fruits are the fleshy hypanthium, or fleshy receptacle as in strawberries, blackberries , etc.

Leaves are usually alternate and are simple to palmately or pinnately compound.

Stipules are usually present and flowers often are , bisexual or infrequently unisexual.

The hypanthium ranges from flat to cup-shaped.

Sepals are usually pentamerous, sometimes alternating with epicalyx lobes.

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom:

Plantae

Phylum : Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Rosales

Family: Rosaceae

The Rose Family

Rosaceae

Mohd Nour Alnigrish

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