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Geography
- The Ojibwa groups are dispersed in the Prairie provinces and traditional homelands in Eastern Woodlands
History Pre and Post Contact
- The European fur trade profoundly affected the Ojibwa. Initially, the Ojibwa participated in the occasional multi-community 'Feasts of the Dead' at which furs and trade goods were distributed.
- The western expansion of the French fur trade and the establishment of the English Hudson's Bay Company near James Bay and drew some Ojibwa into new areas.
- The social and economic life of all Ojibwa groups was affected by the fur trade. Traditional items were replaced by European- manufactured materials and certain natural resources became depleted.
General Info
Geography
- Clan intermarriage served to connect a people that otherwise avoided overall tribal or national chiefs. Chieftainship of a band was not a powerful office until dealings with fur traders strengthened the position, which, became hereditary through paternal line.
- The Ojibwe people were divided into a number of doodem (clans) named for animal totems. This served as a system of government as well as a means of dividing labour (Maint. "Ojibwa - History, Clan System, and Culture." Magnetawan First Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2017.)
General Info
- The variety and fluid nature of Anishinaabe culture, and the geographical spread of Ojibwa people and communities, means that strictly defined terms are often misleading or even inaccurate
- The Ojibwa (also Ojibwe or Chippewa) is an Aboriginal group in Canada and the United States, who is part of a larger cultural group known at the Anishinaabeg. (Bishop, Charles A. (n.d.): n. pag. Print.)
- The Algonquian- speaking Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario, Manitoba, Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S. The Ojibwa who lived west of Lake Winnipeg are called the Saulteaux.
- Traditionally, each Ojibwa tribe was divided into migratory bands. In the autumn, bands separated into family units, which dispersed to individual hunting areas. They relied on the collection of wild rice and cultivated corn. Birch bark was used extensively for canoes, dome-shaped wigwams and utensils.
- A band would have its own chief and hunting grounds and would disperse into family-based hunting
(The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Ojibwa." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 19 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Apr. 2017.)
History Pre and Post Contact
Works Cited
- With the decline of traditional, subsistence ways of life, Ojibwa people became dependant on wage labour and government assistance for survival. Ojibwa people struggled with economic dependency, territorial encroachment and cultural dislocation brought by residential schools.
Bishop, Charles A. "Ojibwa." The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2017.
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ojibwa/
Spiritual Beliefs
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Ojibwa." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 19 Apr. 2007. Web. 14 Apr. 2017.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ojibwa
Maint. "Ojibwa - History, Clan System, and Culture." Magnetawan First Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2017.
http://www.magnetawanfirstnation.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=4
Spiritual Beliefs
- Ojibwa oral mythology is extensive and serves both moral and entertainment purposes.
- Ojibwa spiritual life was animistic, the natural world being inhabited by numerous spirits both good and evil some of which required special treatment. The spirits that filled all life are known as the Manitou.
- The character of Nanabozo, a shape shifter of varying gender, is both creator, arranger of the earth and trickster.
- Windigo, a man-eating monster who could only be killed by a shaman, was said to roam the winter forests and feast on the flesh of men