Mao Zedong v Chiang Kai-shek

Bibliography

"Mao Zedong." <i>BBC News</i>. BBC, n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2015.

History.com Staff. "Mao Zedong Outlines the New Chinese Government." <i>History.com</i>. A&amp;E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 01 Dec. 2015.

History.com Staff. "Chiang Kai-shek." <i>History.com</i>. A&amp;E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 01 Dec. 2015.

"Chiang Kai-Shek." <i>BBC News</i>. BBC, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2015.

Smil, Vaclav. "China's Great Famine: 40 Years Later." BMJ : British Medical Journal. British Medical Journal, 18 Dec. 1999. Web. 03 Dec. 2015.

• Retreated to Taiwan after it became evident that the communist party would seize the nation

• Negotiated with Mao to put the Chinese Civil War on hold during World War II

• When Japan invaded, Chiang continued to focus on driving out the Communists rather than the Japanese, angering many of his supporters.

• Suppressed all opposition
• Most CCP leaders were orthodox Marxists
• Mao Introduced Chinese Communism
• less industrial proletariat, more peasantry
• Great Leap Forward
• mass mobilization of whole chinese population
• but that caused a complete collapse of the feudal system and lead to the great famine (1958-1961)
• Cultural Revolutiuon
• he purged everyone he thought responsible for the failure of the GLF
• Called upon the young peasants to call out the purged
• Released Little Red Book (Mao quotes) and everyone took to the streets
• Caused some deep opposition and many riots
• Mao had to crush these with military force
• These riots continued until Mao's death

• He continued to solidify its position by reunifying China after it had fractured during the rebellion against the Qing dynasty

• Chiang first began to consolidate his power with the expulsion of Communists from the KMT

Chiang - Consolidating and Maintaining Power

Mao: Consolidating Power

Mao Zedong - Rise to Power

Chiang Kai-Shek - Rise to Power

• In 1918, Chiang joined the Koumintang (KMT)
• Began building up the Nationalist Army
• In 1925, the parties head, Sun Yat-sen died, Chiang was named his successor
• In 1927, Chiang began to purge the Communists to consolidate his power in the party
• He became the official head in 1928, in Nanking

• Founded Communist Party of China (CPC) (1921)
• Allied with KMT party to overthrow warlords in (1923)
• KMT leader then led anti-communist purge (1927)
• Mao&co retreated, but KMT surrounded them (1934)
• Mao escaped through "Long Walk"
• 6k mile journey from S to N China (1934-1936)
• KMT and CCP allied against Japan (1937-1945)
• Civil war broke out between them (1946-1949)
• CCP won and Mao declared himself ruler

Mao

• Communist

• Established a successful regime

• Did not support aristocracy

• Implemented policies without any advisements

• Modeled armies after Stalin

• Chinese

• Died in power

• Strongly beleived in the value of militaristic domination

• Not only Socialist, but very anti-communist

• Failed to establish a sucessful regime

Chiang

• Fled to after being defeated

• Supported the landowing aristocracy

• Opposed Japanese invasion (although not very much)

Mao Zedong v Chiang Kai-shek

by Grara

Mao Policies

Chiang Policies

• Ultimately, Chiang's only enduring legacy was his failure to create a unified China with the Communist party and wasting thousands of Chinese lives in the Chinese Civil War

• The KMT lost control of China in 1949, after which they retreated to Taiwan

• Chiang headed the KMT from 1925 until his death in 1975

Chiang Success

• Chiang was highly militaristic, and he made reforms to model the Chinese military after the Soviet Red Army
• Strove to establish a national cult based on Confucian values called the New Life Movement
• Chose to pursue fighting the Chinese Communists over the Japanese
• Backed the interests if the land owning class in what reform he did make.

• Sought close relations with the USSR
• Took land from the landowners and executed them
• put the army in charge of art + propaganda
• displayed him as benevolent father, teacher, god-like, etc
• propaganda discouraged opposition
• increasingly extreme claims about his character
• Mao wanted everyone to reproduce
• big workforce
• wanted to decentralize economy by establishing independent local communes

• Unified China
• Ruled from 1949 until death in 1974
• Viewed like Qin Shi Huang
• built nation at the cost of many lives
• Still viewed as a good leader by Chinese people and is very popular in China today

Mao Success