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Immediate Constituent Analysis
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Immediate Constituent Analysis
Definition
Immediate Constituent Analysis is a technique in analysing units or constituents which form a language unit, i.e. word cluster, phrase unit, clause unit or sentence unit. Each language unit assumed as units consist of two or more constituents directly form the units.
History
Leonard Bloomfield 1933
Rulon Wells
Noam Chomsky
Structural School of Thought
Phrase structure grammars
Constituency Grammar
Parsing
Basic Principle
In IC analysis, a sentence is divided up into major divisions or immediate constituents, and these constituents are in turn divided into further immediate constituents, and this process continues until irreducible constituents are reached i.e. until each constituent consists of only a word or meaningful part of a word.
Illustration
Advantages
Detail
1. Identification of the layers of relationship in a construction.
2. Fixity of word order
3. To account for ambiguities and distinguish them
Tree Diagram
Basic Assumptions
Examples
1. The biggest linguistic unit or construction is
sentence.
2. A sentence is constructed by phrases, and
thus, can be analyzed into phrases.
3. A phrase is constructed by words, and thus,
can be analyzed into words
Limitations
1. Presumptions about the grammatical status of the elements.
2. . Discontinuity.
3.Unbalanced bracketing.
Key Concepts
Illustration
Immediate Constituent & Ultimate Constituent
The first divisions or cuts of a sentence or a smaller onstruction such as a phrase are immediate constituents (ICs). The final divisions or cuts of a phrase are the ultimate constituents (UCs).
Morphemes as Ultimate Constituents
The ultimate constituents of a sentence are morphemes and not words. Hockett (1958), “morphemes rather than words are the elementary building blocks of language in its grammatical aspect.”
Constitute & Constituent
Constitute and constituent are relative terms. For example, “poor John” is a constitute when viewed in relation to “poor” and “John”, but it is
a constituent when viewed in relation to the sentence as a whole