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Chapter 2- Occupancy Classifications & Loads

Residential (R) Occupancy

Business (B) Occupancy

Storage (S) Occupancy

  • Acts as a dwelling and provides sleeping accommodations for normal residential purposes
  • The IBC has 4 subclassifications (R-1 through R-4)

Utility (U) Occupancy

  • Classified if it is used for the transaction of business, such as accounting, record keeping, and other similar functions
  • Risk factors are considered to be relatively low
  • Can become very broad
  • Classified if it is used for storing or sheltering products, merchandise, vehicles, or animals
  • Minor storage uses are typically treated as part of the predominant occupancy
  • It is generally understood that relatively few people will occupy the space
  • A building or part of a building that is not typical and/or cannot be properly classified as any other of the occupancy groups
  • The size of the space or building should be a consideration

Occupancy Classification

Assembly (A) Occupancy

Educational (E) Occupancy

  • Classified if it is used for educational purposed by a specified number of persons at any one time through the 12th grade
  • Common for a school to be considered a mixed occupancy due to the auditoriums, cafeterias, and gymnasiums included in this building type
  • Generally determined by the way that building or space is to be used
  • Three things must be known:
  • The type of activity occurring
  • The expected number of occupants
  • Whether any unusual hazards or risk factors are present
  • Classified if people gather for political, social, or religious functions, recreation, entertainment, eating, drinking, or awaiting transportation
  • Holds a large number of people (usually more than 50) who are unfamiliar with the space
  • Other common characteristics:
  • Low light levels
  • Lack of awareness of surroundings
  • Potential for panic because of the number of occupants
  • IBC has 5 subclassifications based on the type of activity occurring (A-1 through A-5)

Institutional (I) Occupancy

Risk Factors & Hazards

Mercantile (M) Occupancy

Hazardous (H) Occupancy

Factory (F) Occupancy

  • Classified if it is used for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, processing or repairing
  • The product that is made or the materials used to make the product must typically be considered a low or moderate hazard
  • Involves the generation, manufacturing, processing, storage, or other use of hazardous materials
  • Categorized by an unusually high degree of explosive, fire, physical, and/or health hazards
  • Classified if it is open to the public and used for the display, sale, or rental of merchandise
  • A group of retail stores may have additional code requirements
  • Classified if it includes medical treatment or other types of care or contains occupants detained under physical or security measures
  • Occupants are either limited in their mobility, immobile, or incapable of mobility due to physical or security restraints
  • The IBC has 4 subclassifications (I-1 through I-4)
  • Can include harmful substances and/or potentially harmful situations
  • Small levels of certain hazardous materials are allowed in almost every occupancy classification
  • Risk factors include:
  • Number of occupants
  • If occupants are at rest or sleeping
  • Alertness of the occupants
  • Familiarity of occupants with the space or building
  • Typical characteristics of the space used for a particular activity
  • Potential for spread of fire
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