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Primary and Secondary Reinforcers and Punishers
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Examples of P. and S. Punishers
What is Punishment?
Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement and Punishment
P. Punishers - pain, extreme temperatures
S. Punishers - criticism, demerits, catcalls
Punishment - the delivery of a consequence that decreases the likelihood a response will occur.
- + Punishment - the presentation of a stimulus after a response so that the response will occur less often.
- - Punishment - the removal of a stimulus after a response so that the response will occur less often.
Examples of +/- Reinforcements
Examples of P. and S. Reinforcers
+ reinforcements: getting good grades after studying increases one's effort to study
- reinforcements: someone nags an individual to study all the time, but once removed, the individual will comply which increases the likelihood of studying
P. Reinforcers include: food, water, caresses
S. Reinforcers include: money, fast cars, good grades
Primary and Secondary Punishers
P. Punishers- relate to pain, extreme temperatures; naturally unpleasant.
S. Punishers - such as failing grades and social disapproval are unpleasant because they've become associated with p. punishers.
What is Reinforcement?
Primary & Secondary Reinforcers
Reinforcement - a delivery of a consequence that increases the likelihood a response will occur.
- + Reinforcers - the presentation of a stimulus after a response so that the response will occur more often.
- - Reinforcers - the removal of a stimulus after a response so that the response will occur more often.
P. Reinfocers - factors that satisfy biological needs; naturally satisfying
S. Reinforcers - include money, praise, rewards (incentives); are satisfying because they've become associated with primary reinforcers.